Topic 4 - Shells Flashcards

1
Q

what is a

shell

A

this is what allows a user to interact with the operating system and perform actions such as loading and executing additional programs. This can be either CLI or GUI based

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2
Q

this is what allows a user to interact with the operating system and perform actions such as loading and executing additional programs. This can be either CLI or GUI based

A

what is a

shell

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3
Q

what are the rues / format when

passing arguments to a linux command

A

the rules / format for this are:

zero, one, or more arguments can be given to the command, but where more than one argument is given, the order is significant

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4
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

date

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal

this is Used to view the current, past or future date and allows setting a date

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5
Q

what type of programmes are likely to be

part of a desktop environment

A

these will most likely come with

utility programmes

allowing for configuration of this or enabling simple tasks such as word processing

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6
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Help command

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about built in commands within the interpreter (can be limited so best to start with the man pages)

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7
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will search the man pages for the given keyword. This is a useful command if you know the functionality you require but don’t know the command or cant remember the exact name of the command

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Apropos keyword

into a linux terminal

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8
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

History number of command in a history list

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will select that command from the history list

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9
Q

in a linux terminal:

this gives detailed written description about the given command (use tab key to jump between content)

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Info command

into a linux terminal

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10
Q

what does this linux hotkey achieve

Ctrl + alt + t

A

in linux this will open a terminal window

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11
Q

in terms of the shell and the operating system

what 2 things does the shell provide

A
  1. It provides the outer layer of the operating system
  2. It provides the environment in which programs will run. For example opening a shell in two different directories gives the shells separate environments of which they keep track off
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12
Q

where does the

terminal shell

of an operating system get its name from

A

this gets its name from the early days of computers. Back then a terminal was a keyboard and a printer although later versions used a screen. A terminal was ‘dumb’ it did no processing instead it was connected to a mainframe computer by a serial cable and the mainframe did all the processing

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13
Q

this was a terminal connected to a mainframe computer and could receive system error messages

today the term is still used in a commmon way and we use this term to describe the window that outputs messages from our programme to this

A

what is a

console

and how is term used today

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14
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Cal month year

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this is Used to display a calender

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15
Q

what are the 4 rules / format for

using options with a linux command

A

the rules / format of this are:

  • options are flagged with a hyphen
  • options are single letters
  • several options can be combined
  • they can be given in any order.
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16
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Apropos keyword

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will search the man pages for the given keyword. This is a useful command if you know the functionality you require but don’t know the command or cant remember the exact name of the command

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17
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

ls -t

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will request that the contents of the directory are output is in date order

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18
Q

what 2 features does the tab key offer in a linux terminal

A

Pressing tab key once offers tab completion

Pressing tab key again will show a list of commands that are relevant to what you have already typed

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19
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Whoami

into a linux or windows terminal

A

in a windows or linux terminal:

this will Display the user name of the currently logged in user

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20
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will select that command from the history list

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

History number of command in a history list

into a linux terminal

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21
Q

this gets its name from the early days of computers. Back then a terminal was a keyboard and a printer although later versions used a screen. A terminal was ‘dumb’ it did no processing instead it was connected to a mainframe computer by a serial cable and the mainframe did all the processing

A

where does the

terminal shell

of an operating system get its name from

22
Q

in a linux terminal

this is Used to view the current, past or future date and allows setting a date

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

date

into a linux terminal

23
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Command –help

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about the given command

24
Q

This is a GUI shell offered by an operating system that tries to mimic an actual desktop, such as allowing the movement and overlapping of documents.

A

what is a

desktop environment

25
what is the outcome of typing the command **ls -l** into a linux terminal
in a linux terminal: this will produces a detailed list about directories and files within the directory
26
what is the outcome of typing the command **Man** *command* into a linux terminal
in a linux terminal: this opens up the user manual page for the given command
27
1. The shell identifies the location of the file to be ran 2. The operating system will take different actions for loading and running the file depending on the files contents A compiled file containing machine code 1. The operating system allocates memory for the file 2. The contents of the file is loaded into memory 3. The operating system creates a new process for the program 4. The operating system starts the execution of the program A source file written in plain text such as a script containing OS instructions or a python file 1. The operating system hands control to the appropriate interpreter 2. The interpreter reads and executes each of the commands within the file
give an **overview** of the steps involved **when a program is loaded and ran** and the **2 options that the operating system can take depending on the contents of the file**
28
give an **overview** of the steps involved **when a program is loaded and ran** and the **2 options that the operating system can take depending on the contents of the file**
1. The shell identifies the location of the file to be ran 2. The operating system will take different actions for loading and running the file depending on the files contents A compiled file containing machine code 1. The operating system allocates memory for the file 2. The contents of the file is loaded into memory 3. The operating system creates a new process for the program 4. The operating system starts the execution of the program A source file written in plain text such as a script containing OS instructions or a python file 1. The operating system hands control to the appropriate interpreter 2. The interpreter reads and executes each of the commands within the file
29
in a linux terminal: this is Used to display a calender
what is the outcome of typing the command **Cal** *month year* into a linux terminal
30
in linux this will open a terminal window
what does this linux hotkey achieve **Ctrl + alt + t**
31
1. It provides the outer layer of the operating system 2. It provides the environment in which programs will run. For example opening a shell in two different directories gives the shells separate environments of which they keep track off
in terms of the shell and the operating system ## Footnote **what 2 things does the shell provide**
32
in linux this will: used with an open terminal will open a new terminal
what does this linux hotkey achieve ## Footnote **Ctrl + shift + n**
33
what is the outcome of typing the command **Whatis** *command* into a linux terminal
in a linux terminal: this searches the man pages and gives a one line description of what the given command is
34
in a linux terminal: this opens up the user manual page for the given command
what is the outcome of typing the command **Man** *command* into a linux terminal
35
in a linux terminal: this will display information about the given command
what is the outcome of typing the command *Command* **--help** into a linux terminal
36
the rules / format of this are: * options are flagged with a hyphen * options are single letters * several options can be combined * they can be given in any order.
what are the 4 rules / format for ## Footnote **using options with a linux command**
37
Pressing tab key once offers tab completion Pressing tab key again will show a list of commands that are relevant to what you have already typed
what 2 features does the tab key offer in a linux terminal
38
in a windows or linux terminal: this will Display the user name of the currently logged in user
what is the outcome of typing the command **Whoami** into a linux or windows terminal
39
these will most likely come with **utility programmes** allowing for configuration of this or enabling simple tasks such as word processing
what type of programmes are likely to be ## Footnote **part of a desktop environment**
40
in terms of the user this allows / provides: 1. Move, close and resize windows 2. Keep track of open applications via a task bar 3. Provides a clipboard so data can be copied seamlessly across different applications 4. Provides icons and buttons
name 4 things that ## Footnote **a desktop environment allows / provides for the user**
41
name 4 things that ## Footnote **a desktop environment allows / provides for the user**
in terms of the user this allows / provides: 1. Move, close and resize windows 2. Keep track of open applications via a task bar 3. Provides a clipboard so data can be copied seamlessly across different applications 4. Provides icons and buttons
42
in a linux terminal: this will produces a detailed list about directories and files within the directory
what is the outcome of typing the command **ls -l** into a linux terminal
43
the rules / format for this are: zero, one, or more arguments can be given to the command, but where more than one argument is given, the order is significant
what are the rues / format when ## Footnote **passing arguments to a linux command**
44
what is a **console** and how is term used today
this was a terminal connected to a mainframe computer and could receive system error messages today the term is still used in a commmon way and we use this term to describe the window that outputs messages from our programme to this
45
what is a ## Footnote **desktop environment**
This is a GUI shell offered by an operating system that tries to mimic an actual desktop, such as allowing the movement and overlapping of documents.
46
what does this linux hotkey achieve ## Footnote **Ctrl + shift + n**
in linux this will: used with an open terminal will open a new terminal
47
in a linux terminal: this will request that the contents of the directory are output is in date order
what is the outcome of typing the command **ls -t** into a linux terminal
48
what is the outcome of typing the command **History** into a linux or windows terminal
in a linux terminal: this is Used to view a list of previously executed commands
49
what is the outcome of typing the command **Info** *command* into a linux terminal
in a linux terminal: this gives detailed written description about the given command (use tab key to jump between content)
50
in a linux terminal: this searches the man pages and gives a one line description of what the given command is
what is the outcome of typing the command **Whatis** *command* into a linux terminal
51
in a linux terminal: this is Used to view a list of previously executed commands
what is the outcome of typing the command **History** into a linux or windows terminal
52
in a linux terminal: this will display information about built in commands within the interpreter (can be limited so best to start with the man pages)
what is the outcome of typing the command **Help** *command* into a linux terminal