topic 4 - terror state and opposition and propaganda Flashcards
(49 cards)
from 1933-45 how many reports of people committing race crimes were reported by Gestapo?
0.5%
from 1933-45 how many reports were from the general public?
57%
how many members in ss by 1939?
240,000
by 1936 how many given the death penalty
140
between 1924-39 how many people were tried by the people’s court
3,400
what was the peopl’es court
april 1934
dealt with political crimes and sent opposition to work camps
3 nazis for every 2 non nazi judges
defendants could barley speak and no jurys
what was the front of german law (nazi justice system)
april 1933
all judges. lawyers who were jews were dismissed
made apparent that judges and lawyers prospects were dependant on support of the regime
limitations of nazi justice system
- dualism. as the courts were pre-existing and hitler built upon on them meant that there was confusion and of power that the judicary had to support the nazis. its wasn’t a completley nazi court
who was chief of police
Himmler
the judges were not permitted to operate independently how many judges sat on a jury?
3 nazi, 2 non-nazis
what is the problem with the police state structure?
The nazi regime was very confusing and inconsistent leading to no one knowing whose job was who.
for example,
the SS and the Gestapo overlapped
what were the three sections of the SS?
- Allgemeine SS (General SS)
- Waffen SS (elite armed SS)
- Einsatzgruppen (mass murderers of SS)
how many Jews were killed by the Einsatzgruppen in the babyar killing
35,000
strengths of the SS
240,00 members by 1939 giving them a wide control of Germany
brutalism led to more affective policing as the emotion of their actions had been extracted
systematic and regimentation makes it more effective
economic power lead them to hold their own against industrialists
weaknesses of the SS
ss as. time goes on with the final solution become. psychologically affected making the uni perform less effectively in the belong term
the conflict between ss Waffen and the army
Himmler could have threatened Hitler’s power and
what did the SS do in creating the ‘new order’
policy in which the nazis planned to economically exploit the land and resources of occupied land in eastern Europe
what was the SD for?
an offshoot of the SS. to investigate claims that the party has been infiltrated by its political opponents.
led by Heydrich
identified who voted ‘no’ in plebiscite
staffed not by professional police officers but by amateurs
when did the ss take control of the concentration camps?
1934, systemised the treatment of prisoners.
strengths of the Gestapo
- seen as an image of power who intimidates opposition, and scared the general public into conforming with nazi ideology due to the fear of them
weaknesses of Gestapo
- in 1939 only 20,00 agents . in big cities like Hamburg with half a million people the policing was ineffective
- their operations became more random and dependent on the decisions and priorities of individual officers. treating greater opportunities for the opposition and non-conformist behavior
- only 0.5% of reports of nonconformity came from the Gestapo agents
what was the Aryan paragraph?
under 1933 law on reconstructing the civil service. protestant priests in the evangelical church who had converted to Christianity from Judaism were dismissed
why was there limited opposition
strong base for the regime through propaganda and gleichaltung
there is evidence of Hitler’s rising popularity in the 1932 elections and beyond however there were a few groups who resisted gleichaltung
examples of non-conformity
- many churches refused to display swastika flags.
- kreisau circle of conservatives agreed that Hitler’s rule was a disaster for Germany but was only a debating society
- small amounts of german refused to heil Hitler or bad mouthed him in private
- some young people refused to go to Hitler youth when it became obligatory and sometimes hummed tunes that were banned
examples of resistance
- young people joined cliques or gangs show their independence poverty political meuten gangs which flourished in communist places in Germany
- individual pastors resisted by speaking against the barbarities of the reigeme
- burning with anxiety document smuggled into Germany secretly printed and distributed and read out from almost every church pulput in march 1937
