Topic 5 Flashcards
(27 cards)
define ecosystem
-community of all organisms and abiotic components in a particular area and their interactions
Define Biomass
- dry mass of tissue or mass of carbon
- per given area over set period of time
Define substrate-level phosphorylation
- synthesis of ATP
- by transfer of phosphate group
- from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP
what is the chemiosmotic theory?
- synthesis of ATP through movement of protons
- down their concentration gradient
- across semi-permeable membrane
- catalysed by ATP synthase
What is the ETC?
- series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons
- in chain of oxidation-reduction reactions
give 2 products of light dependent stage of photosynthesis
- ATP
- reduced NAD
what is the purpose of photolysis in Light dependent reaction?
-replace excited electrons in PSII
where does the light dependent reaction occur?
Thylakoids in chloroplast
where does the Light independent reaction occur?
Stroma of chloroplast
where does Glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
where does Link reactions and Krebs Cycle occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
inner mitochondrial membrane
Describe how light energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules is used to synthesise ATP (5)
- absorbed light causes electrons in chlorophyll to excite
- electrons leave chlorophyll
- electrons enter ETC
- loss of energy by electrons along ETC
- is used to synthesis ATP from ADP+Pi
Give 3 limiting factors for plants
- CO2 concentration
- Light
- Temperature
How is CO2 concentration managed in glasshouses?
CO2 added to air by burning small amount of propane in CO2 generator
how is light managed in glasshouse?
- light can get in through glass
- lamps provide light at night/dark
how is temperature managed in glasshouse?
- glasshouse trap heat energy from sunlight -> warming air
- heater and cooling systems used to maintain constant optimum temperature
- air circulation systems ensure even temperature throughout glasshosuse
what is the first stage of anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
glycolysis
give the 4 steps of phosphorylation of glycolysis
Glucose ->glucose phosphate->hexose phosphate
- glucose phosphorylated using phosphate from molecule of ATP
- creates 1 molecule of glucose phosphate, 1 molecule of ADP
- hexose bisphosphate formed using phosphate from another molecule of ATP
- hexose bisphosphate split into 2 molecules of triose phosphate
give the 4 steps of oxidation of glycolysis
- 2 TP oxidises (lose H) to form 2 molecules of pyruvate
- NAD uses H+ ions to form 2 reduced NAD
- 4 ATP produced, 2 used up in phosphorylation
- net gain of 2 ATP, 2 reduced NAD
state word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
pyruvate –(CO2)->ethanal —(r.NAD->NAD)->ethanol
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
state word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
pyruvate —(r.NAD->NAD)-> lactate (lactic acid)
LACTATE FERMENTATION
define primary productivity
- rate primary production
- energy fixed by psn in given period of time
- KJha^-1year^-1
define secondary productivity
-rate of secondary production
-rate at which animals convert chemical energy in plants they eat into their own biomass
-per given area over a period of time
KJha^-1year^-1
