topic 5

Question 1

what are the 7 agencies of social control

Answer 1

1. police
2. CPS
3. HM court and tribunal service
4. judiciary
5. HM prison service
6. National probation service
7. Charities and pressure groups

Question 2

police role and responsibility

Answer 2

• divided into constabularies
• investigate crimes
• prevent crimes
• collect evidence and identify witnesses
• maintain social order and support the welfare of citizens
• investigate, arrest and question suspects
• provide evidence in court

Question 3

police philosophy

Answer 3

to keep society safe and cut levels of crime
- aim to not discriminate, be ethical and treat everyone fairly

Question 4

police aims and objectives

Answer 4

• protect the public
• deter and reduce crime
• uphold the law
• provide external social control to encourage conformity
• support of victims

Question 5

police funding

Answer 5

• central govt grants
• home office
• 1/3 of funding from their share in council tax
• 2018/19 budget was £12.3 billion.

Question 6

police working practices

Answer 6

• divided into 43 constabularies across England and Wales
• approx 150,000 officers
• work directly with offenders
• respond to emergency and non emergency from the public
• different divisions for different crimes

Question 7

CPS role and responsibilities

Answer 7

• advises the police in the early stages of an investigation
• decide on an appropriate charge for a suspect
• examine evidence to determine of its admissible
• prepares and presents cases in court

Question 8

CPS philosophy

Answer 8

• make sure right person is prosecuted for the right offence
• fair, independent and just
• end unlawful discrimination for anything

Question 9

CPS aims and objectives

Answer 9

• determine charges for serious or complex cases
• provide support for victims and witnesses
• must have sufficient evidence to prosecute

Question 10

CPS funding

Answer 10

• govt funds
• 2016-17 budget was over £500 million
• 2019 CPS received an extra £85 million to respond effectively to current trends

Question 11

CPS working practices

Answer 11

• involved in evert single prosecuted offence in England and Wales
• operate across E and W, 14 regional teams
• CPS direct accessible 24 hours a day
• decide whether or not to prosecute people in court
• grant bail to suspects (released from custody)

Question 12

HM court and tribunal service roles and responsibilities

Answer 12

• responsible for criminal, civil and family and appellate courts
• hold trials, hearings, tribunals and appeals
• support the independent judiciary and administration of justice
• collaborate effectively with other justice organisations and agencies including the legal professions to improve access to justice

Question 13

HM c and ts philosophy

Answer 13

• giving people and businesses acess to justice
• victims and witnesses of crime and defendants
• ensure due process is provided for all and that the correct outcomes occur

Question 14

HM c and ts aims and objectives

Answer 14

• provide tribunals and trials for all that need them
• continue to expand their provision both in terms of tribunals and trials

Question 15

HM c and ts funding

Answer 15

• regulated by the ministry of justice
• funding from govt grants from taxation

Question 16

HM c and ts working practices

Answer 16

• 91 crown courts in E and W
• 150 magistrates courts
• 170 county courts
• 1 court of appeal
• 1 supreme court
• national reach- a court in every major town and city

Question 17

Judiciary role and responsibilities

Answer 17

• judges across E and W
• decide sentences in cases
• assist in outcome of cases by advising juries
• interpret and apply the law fairly
• give people a punishment for a wrongful action
• give justice for those victim of a wrongful action

Question 18

judiciary philosiphy

Answer 18

• provide impartial justice in criminal cases
• decisions must be in line with guidance from sentencing council a decisions of other judges
• responsibility to potentially overturn flawed laws and wrongful convictions
• involved in advancing civil rights and the rights of the accused

Question 19

judiciary aims and objectives

Answer 19

• ensure rule of law and legal security for individuals
• make sure the law is applied and interpreted correctly
• give out just sentences
• provide clarifications on the law- jury guidance or setting precedent

Question 20

judiciary funding

Answer 20

• funded through govt
• paid a salary
• council of the judiciary have the right to propose a budget once agreed council allocates funds to individual courts

Question 21

judiciary working practices

Answer 21

• operate in 4 different courts- crown, COA SC and ECtHR
• 91 crown courts across UK
• 600 circuit judges
• can hear a case without a jury if the case will be long and complex
• must take an oath of allegiance and the judicial oath

Question 22

HM prison service role and responsibilities

Answer 22

• organise and run the prisons of E and W and responsible for those in custody
• responsible for rehab programmes so prisoners can lead law abiding lives
• support effective offender management and post prison care
• run 103 of the 117 prisons in the UK

Question 23

HM ps philosophy

Answer 23

• punishing the offender while keeping ethics in tact
• want individuals to lead law abiding lives in and out of prison
• make sure time in prisons isnt wasted

Question 24

HM ps aims and objectives

Answer 24

• house offenders during prison sentence- safe and secure environment
• rehabilitate prisoners through anger management or drugs and alcohol treatment programmes
• play a role in prisoners training must establish positive relationships with different people to maintain balance between authority and compassion
• perform security checks and search procedures on prisoners, staff and visitors
• prevent potential crime by making it known to the public that crime will lead to prison
• supervise visits and carry out patrol duties

Question 25

HM ps funding

Answer 25

- lies in public sector- govt grant allowance from prison and probation service- gained from taxation - 2018- spent total of £3.2 billion on prisons - 14 private prisons contractually managed by private companies eg Sodexo

Question 26

HM ps working practices

Answer 26

- prisons in UK are national - 117 prisons in E and W- 103 ran by HMPPS rest privately owned - 12 are womens prisons - prison population capacity is 85,000- 83,000 in prison - 4 types of prison - Cat A- high security Cat B- local and training prisons Cat C- training and resettlement Cat D- open prisons

Question 27

National probation service role and responsibilities

Answer 27

- set up in 2014 manage and supervise those who serve sentences in the community - provide support to released offenders but are still serving time - provide pre-sentencing reports for the courts to help guide the appropriate sentence - assess offenders in prison to prepare them for release into the community - managed approved premises for offenders with a residence requirement on their sentence - help all offenders serving sentences in the community meet the requirements ordered by the courts - provide support for rehab and post- sentence reintegration to society - provide support for victims of serious sexual and violent crime.

Question 28

National probation service philosophy

Answer 28

- reducing reoffending rates by supervising and effectively rehabilitating those released from prison - allows them to benefit society through continuing supervision while in the community

Question 29

National probation service aims and objectives

Answer 29

- work with 3,000 offenders to support rehab and transition back into society - communication with and prioritising the wellbeing of victims of serious sexual and violent offences where d received sentence of 12 months or more

Question 30

National probation service funding

Answer 30

- funded by HMPPS - funded through the national offender management service - 35 probation trusts that receive this money - community rehab companies are self funded

Question 31

National probation service working practices

Answer 31

- 7 divisional areas of the CPS with 35 probation trusts within them - probation officer will undertake full range of work with offenders before and after sentencing - day to day probation officers manage caseloads- provide info to courts and work closely with the agencies - support offenders- provide practical advise about housing and employment

Question 32

charities and pressure groups role and responsibilities

Answer 32

- attempt to pressurise the other formal agencies to reform and change their ways - mainly recieve donations and the winning of govt grants for research - campaign to change organisations and help those who go through the CJS

Question 33

C and P philosophy

Answer 33

- help others and improve society - try to instigate change in relation to something they see as negative in society - often non profit, work to benefit society as a whole not to make money

Question 34

C and P aims and objectives

Answer 34

- different for each group - Prison reform Trust eg - aims are to promote rights to prisoners, improve treatment of those in prisons, reduce unnecessary imprisonment and promote community solutions to criminality

Question 35

C and P funding

Answer 35

- cannot make money as they are non profit - need money to conduct work - money comes from donations from patrons and sometimes govt funding - can also receive tax benefits from the govt

Question 36

C and P working practices

Answer 36

objectives achieved through: - conducting research - running campaigns - lobbying govts - organising protests