topic 6 Flashcards
(40 cards)
what are environmental tactics to achieve social control
a way to design out crime of a situation by manipulating the environment
2 main ways crime can be designed out
- limiting an offenders opportunity to offend
- allowing people to control their spaces
what does CPTED stand for
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
what makes defensible spaces defendable
- territoriality
- natural surveillance
- safe image
- safe location
background on CPTED
created by C.R. Jeffrey and some ideas were influenced by Broken windows theory
natural surveillence
- when an area is visible or overlooked by bystanders
- criminals wont want to be seen or recognised so will choose to commit crime where they can easily hide or escape
natural access control
- changing the approach to buildings to defined areas
- criminals want to feel in control but the element of control can be denied by this
territorial reinforcement
- making the distinction between private and public property where owners will challenge intruders
maintenance
- if a property is well looked after it will give the impression that its cared for and even minor changes would be notices
- link to broken windows theoryr
target hardening
- make a building harder to force entry into
eg of a CPTED tactic
gated lanes:
locked gates installed to prevent offenders gaining access to alleyways such as those at the end of many older terraced houses
- mainly used to prevent burglaries but also stops fluy tipping or anti social behaviour etc
gated lanes limitations
- don’t work against criminals that live within the gated area
- not all neighbourhoods know or trust each other so are less likely to get together to install gates or take responsibility for them
other examples of CPTED
- reinforced glass
- locks
- shutters
indefensible spaces
- cant be defended from crime
- no one takes responsibility for them, no one owns them, no one really wants to be there, no one observes themin
indefensible spaces examples
- alleyways
- public car parks
- stairwells
- lifts
defensible spaces
- owned
- observed
- lots to people around to take responsibility for what happens there
examples of defensible spaces
- public parks (in the day)
- offices
- shopping centres
- houses in cul-de-sacs
what are behavioural tactics
tactics from agencies of social control that aims to actively change the behaviour of offenders to stop them offending
examples of behavioural tactics
- token economies
- CBO’s and ASBO’s
what are token economies
a reward system used within prisons to encourage good behaviour from offenders, by giving them tokens that they can then exchange for something they’d like
what prisoners have to do to earn tokens
- follow rules
- staying clean from drugs
- keeping cells clean
- no fighting or intimidation
- seek a job
what is needed for token economies to work
- clear definition of what constitutes good behaviour
- cant be deprivation of basic needs- tokens shouldn’t be used to cover basic human rights eg food, clothing and bedding
what do CBO and ASBO stand for
- CBO- criminal behaviour order
- ASBO- antisocial behaviour order
what is a CBO
a court order that aims to stop persistent anti social behaviour eg vandalism, loitering, drunk and disorderly
