Flashcards in Topic 5 - Fuels Deck (15)
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1
Hydrocarbons are
Fuels such as petrol and diesel - they're made of just carbon and hydrogen
2
Because crude oil is a mixture, it can be separated because
The different hydrocarbon molecules aren't chemically bonded to one another so they all keep their original properties such as they're condensing points
3
Crude oil can be separated using
Fractional distillation
4
The shorter the molecules,
The more flammable the hydrocarbon is and the more runny/ less viscous it is.
5
What are the different levels in a fractionating column ?
Bitumen
Fuel oil
Diesel
Kerosene
Naphtha
Petrol
Gases
6
Wen there's plenty of oxygen, hydrocarbons burn to produce
Only carbon dioxide and water
7
If there isn't enough oxygen the combustion will be
Incomplete
8
When a combustion is incomplete what can be produced?
Carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide and carbon
9
What do you need to consider when choosing the best fuel?
- ease of ignition
- energy value
- ash and smoke
- storage and transport
10
When fossil fuels are burnt they release
Carbon dioxide and water vapour into the atmosphere
11
Sulfur dioxide causes
Acid rain
12
How does sulfur dioxide cause acid rain?
It mixes with clouds to form dilute sulfuric acid. This then falls as acid rain which causes lakes to become acidic and many plants and animals die as a result. It also damaged limestone buildings and statues and links between acid rain and human health have been suggested.
13
Why isn't sulfur removed from all girls before they're burnt?
- costs more
- takes more energy which releases more greenhouse gases
14
How can acid rain be prevented
- acid gas scrubbers take harmful gas out before they release they're fumes into the atmosphere
- cars are fitted with catalytic converters to clean up their exhaust gases
- reducing usage of fossil fuels
15
