TOPIC 5 (LEC & LAB) - Community Ecology

Question 1

Organisms found in trophic structure

Answer 1

Autotrophs
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers

Question 2

the relative abundance of species in communities; the proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community

Answer 2

Species evenness

Question 3

The loss of a ________ species can lead to population crashes and extinction of other species in a community that depends on it for certain services.

Answer 3

keystone

Question 4

A sampling tool that may be place randomly in an area or at intervals along a transect line.

Answer 4

Quadrat

Question 5

A level in biodiversity that refers to the variation in the ecosystems found in a region

Answer 5

Ecosystem diversity

Question 6

Species that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem; their effect on the community is disproportionate to their numerical abundance

Answer 6

KEYSTONE SPECIES

Question 7

Considerations in planning ecological surveys

Answer 7

Timing of surveys (nearly all species have some seasonality to their life cycle)

Survey validity (fewer survey visits/reduced survey area may not give reliable indication of species presence)

Question 8

Levels of biodiversity

Answer 8

Genetic
Species
Ecosystem

Question 9

Species diversity is defined in the basis of?

Answer 9

Species richness
Species evenness

Question 10

It suggests that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain

Answer 10

Energetic hypothesis

Question 11

Refers to the feeding relationships between organisms and the community

Answer 11

Trophic structure

Question 12

minimum values of H’ is ____ (value for a community with a single species, a higher value of H’ indicates a more diverse community)

Answer 12

0

Question 13

A level in biodiversity that refers to the variations within and among population in a species, as well as the difference between and among species

Answer 13

Species diversity

Question 14

A combination of the number of species and their relative abundance

Answer 14

SPECIES DIVERSITY

Question 15

They may be competitively dominant—superior in exploiting key resources such as space, water, nutrients, or light

Answer 15

FOUNDATION SPECIES

Question 16

A level in biodiversity that refers to variations in the nucleotides, genes, chromosomes, or whole genomes of organism

Answer 16

Genetic diversity

Question 17

a mathematical measure of species diversity in a given community

Answer 17

Diversity index

Question 18

The position an organism occupies in a food chain

Answer 18

TROPHIC LEVEL

Question 19

it is used to compare diversity of communities based on species richness and relative abundance

Answer 19

Shannon-Wiener index (H’)

Question 20

a measuring tape (sampling tool) stretched along two points; allows to see the effects of abiotic factors on the organism distribution

Answer 20

Transect

Question 21

A species that has strong effects on its community as a result of its large size, high abundance, or pivotal role in community dynamics

Answer 21

FOUNDATION SPECIES

Question 22

A group of food chains linked together

Answer 22

FOOD WEB

Question 23

Surveys for habitats and species, one of its objects is to identify any potential constraints to the development resulting from the presence of important habitats or species

Answer 23

ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS

Question 24

The transfer of chemical energy from its source through different consumers

Answer 24

FOOD CHAIN

Question 25

A biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction

Answer 25

BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT

Question 26

the number of species in the community

Answer 26

Species richness

Question 27

Includes attributes such as the number of species, the relative abundance of species, and the kinds of species comprising a community

Answer 27

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Question 28

An association of interacting species inhabiting some defined area

Answer 28

COMMUNITY