TOPIC 6 Flashcards
What is positivism?
-A scientific approach to understanding crime and criminality
- Focus is on the nature and characteristics of the offender rather than the criminal act.
Why are positivist models described as predestined models?
ex. (pre-determined)
Can suggest that everything that happens is already pre-determined based on certain factors.
Define Phrenology
The shape and size of the brain were studied to find out the persons capabilities
Define Atavism?
Historical approach used to explain criminal behaviour based on biological factors.
What is soma-typing?
The attempt to explain and predict personalities and behaviours such as crime based on person’s body type
What is ‘critical analysis’
is the examination of someone else’s work
What are some differences between positivism and classicism?
Positivism on the environmental, biological and physical features that influence the offender, unlike classicism which is based on free-will and rational choice.
Define Endomorph?
is a basic feature for soft and round, short tampering limbs.
Which personality’s was each soma-type related to?
- Viscerotonic - endomorph
- Somotonic - mesomorph
- Cerebrotonic - ectomorph
What were Sheldon’s three basic body/ soma types?
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
Define physiognomy?
The study of facial features
What is classicism?
Focuses on the idea that an individual makes rational choices when deciding to commit a crime
What is psychology positivism?
explores the role of psychological factors, such as personality traits, mental disorders, and cognitive processes, in understanding criminal behavio
what is social positivism
key factors contributing to criminal behavior include socialization processes, social disorganization, inequality, and the influence of social institutions.
