topic 6: biodiversity

Question 1

micropropagation

Answer 1

select plant with desirable characteristic and cut ogg the tips of the stems/side shoots (explants)

sterilise the explant to kill off microorganisms

place each explant in a petridish containing a nutrient medium and growth hormones

cells in the explants will divide and grow into a small plant

the small plant will then be taken out of the medium, planted in soil and put into glasshouses. these are clones of the original plant and are genetically identical sharing the same characteristics

Question 2

genetic engineering process

Answer 2

the dna you want to insert is cut out with a restriction enzyme

the vector dna (plasmid or virus) is also cut out with the same enzyme

the vector dna and dna is then joined together with ligase enzymes to produce a recombinant dna

the recombinant dna is then inserted into other cells which will reproduce carrying the desired gene

Question 3

transgenic

Answer 3

containing genes transferred from other species

Question 4

how was dolly created (animal cloning)

Answer 4

the nucleus of the sheep’s egg cell was removed creating an enucleated cell

a diploid nucleus was inserted in its place from a different sheep in the egg cell

the cell is stimulated with an electric shock to divide by mitosis like a normal fertilised egg

the dividing cell is implanted into the uterus of another sheep to develop until its ready to be born

the result was dolly!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 5

genetically modified plants advantages

Answer 5

can make plants resistant to insects

can make plants resistant to herbicides

will increase crop yield

Question 6

genetically modified plants disadvantages

Answer 6

cant play god (shut the fuck up)

weeds can pick up on the resistant gene, creating a superweed variety

can affect food chains/human health

Question 7

selective breeding

Answer 7

selectively choosing organisms with the best features to breed together

Question 8

fish farming factors

Answer 8

maintaining water quality
intraspecific predation
interspecific predation
controlling disease
removing waste product
controlling quality and frequency of feeding
selective breeding

Question 9

maintaining water quality

Answer 9

filter water to remove waste and harmful bacteria to prevent disease/eutrophication

Question 10

intraspecific predation

Answer 10

prevents competition within species

separate the fishes by size and age to prevent competition

Question 11

interspecific predation

Answer 11

prevents competition between species

separate the fishes by species to prevent competition

Question 12

controlling disease

Answer 12

antibiotics are given to the fishes to increase survival

Question 13

removing waste product

Answer 13

water is filtered to remove waste faeces

Question 14

controlling quality and frequency of feeding

Answer 14

fish are fed frequently in small amounts to prevent overeating

Question 15

selective breeding

Answer 15

selective breeding to reproduce fish with desired characteristics