topic 6: global development Flashcards
(34 cards)
define development
an improvement in the quality of life for the population of a country
what are the 4 types of development?
economic, political, social, cultural
state 3 threats to water security
increased population, consumption, water pollution
state 3 impacts of water insecurity
840,000+ die from water related disease
750 million lack access to safe water
women and children spend 140 million hours collecting water a day
what is the GDP?
the total value of goods and services produces within a country in a year
what is the GNI?
Gross National Income, including oversea earnings
what is the HDI?
Human development index (composite)
state the 4 factors affecting HDI
life expectancy at birth
GNI per capita (US$ PPP)
mean years of schooling for adults aged 25
expected years of schooling for children at school entering age
what is PPP?
purchasing power parity ==> how cost of living varies in different countries
state 4 factors affecting development
uneven population (+ economically active = job competition)
poverty
physical environment (land relief)
lack of investment
state a reason for inequality in the uk (1)
remote areas - limited job opportunities / physical geography is challenging
state a reason for inequality in the uk (2)
employment sectors - areas that were important for industries are declining ( deindustrialisation)
state a reason for inequality in the uk (3)
closed factories - traditional industrial areas have struggled to replace jobs
state the 5 causes of global inequality
physical environment
political/ economic policies
history
demography
social investment
what is FDI
foreign direct investment - overseas investment in physical capital by transactional corporations
what is fair trade
a movement that aims to create direct long-term trading like with producers in developing countries to ensure they receive a fair [price for their products
what’s a foreign exchange gap
when countries lack the money to pay for important vitals to development e.g oil
what’s a saving gap
population pressures prevent economic growth for investment in industry and infrastructure
what’s a technical gap
a shortage of skills needed for development
what does HIPC stand for
heavily indebted poor countries
who was the HIPC established by
1966 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
what are the successes of the HIPC initiative
by 2015 the debt reduction under the HIPC initiative had been improved for 36 countries
examples of countries HIPC had helped
30 countries in Africa
what are remittances
money sent back to the source country by migrants/diasporas
