Topic 6 - the Spanish Armada Flashcards
(30 cards)
When was Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?
February 1587
Who was the commander of the armada?
The Duke of Medina Sidonia
Why was Phillip initially against Mary, Queen of Scots?
He believed she would side with France and end Spanish rule in the Netherlands
How did Elizabeth support the Netherlands during Spanish holtility?
She gave them money and weapons, and allowed their ships to stay in English ports
When was William of Orange assasinated?
1584
Who led the south side of the Netherlands, who sided with Spain?
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
What treaty gave support to Dutch Protestants?
The Treaty of Nonsuch
What did Elizabeth agree to in the Treaty of Nonsuch?
She would send 5000 troops and 1000 cavalry to help maintain the Dutch rebellion
What were the Spanish Main?
Provinces in south and central America that were ruled by Spain
What was a Privateer ship?
A privately owned ship comissioned for war service by the government
What did English privateers do in the Spanish Main?
They attacked Spanish treasure ships that were bringing gold and silver back to Spain
What did the Spanish nickname Drake?
El Draque (the dragon)
How did originally Philip plan on reaching England?
Leave from Lisbon, sail into the Channel and destroy the English fleet, defend troops crossing from the Netherlands, sail up the Thames and overthrow Elizabeth
When did Drake attack Cadiz harbour?
20th April 1587
How many ships did Drake destroy in Cadiz?
Either 24 or 37 ships
What else did Drake damage in Cadiz?
Timber supplies for the Armada, causing issues with Spanish supplies once the Armada set sail
How did Philip change his plans?
He was forced to replace the admiral in charge, and he chose the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who didn’t feel capable of the job
How did the English plan to warn the country of the Armada?
Warning beacons would be lit and church bells would be rung
Who commanded the English navy?
Lord Charles Howard, Duke of Effingham
How many ships did the English navy have?
200 ships, with around 140 being converted merchant ships
When did the Armada set sail from Lisbon?
28th May 1588
Where did the Armada resupply after it was hit by storms?
Corunna, which the Armada left on the 21st July 1588
When was the Armada spotted from Cornwall?
29th July 1588
How did the crescent formation help the Armada?
The slower, unarmed supply ships went in the middle, protected by heavily armed galleons on the edges and horns
