topic 7, fundamental of computer Flashcards
(43 cards)
processor
executes program instructions
main memory
includes ram and rom
stores program instructions and frequently used data
a bus is
a series of parallel wires that connect internal components of a computer system
Address bus
used to transport memory addresses
data bus
sends data and instructions to and from the different components of the computer system
control bus
used to carry out control signals and regulate operation of computer system
what does the control bus carry
computers clock signal
I/O controllers
pieces of hardware that control the communication of data between the processior and external hardware
i/o controller example
mice, monitor
harvard architecture
the procesor uses two seperate main memory locations
one used for instruction other for data
von neumann architecture
both instructions stored in same memory
stored program concept definition
machine code instructions stored in main memory
are fetched and executed serially
by a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations
stored program concept
allows one set of instructions to be switched out for another
processors contain
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
a control unit
numerous registers
ALU
performs arithmetic and logic operations
CU
resposible for controlling the various components of the processor
registers
small storage location used to hold data temporarily
pc
(program counter) holds memory address
cir
(current instruction register)
holds the instruction that is currently being executed by the processor
mar
(memory address register)
stores the memory address of a memory location
mbr
(memory buffer register) also called the memory data register ((mdr))
hold contents of a memory location that has been read from or data that is to be stored
where is clock found?
found in computers processor
fetch-execute cycle
continous cycle performed by the processor
consists of 3 stages
fetch
decode
execute
fetch
the next instruction to execute is retrieved from main memory
