Topic 7 - Global Hazards

Question 1

what is a disaster

Answer 1

when population is impacted by a hazard that can endanger people (causing death, injuries or damage) or buildings

Question 2

what is a hazard

Answer 2

extreme events that causes threats to peoples lives and property

Question 3

what is weather

Answer 3

refers to the day to day conditions of the atmosphere

Question 4

what is climate

Answer 4

the average wether recorded over a period of at least 30 years

Question 5

what is a Ferrel cell

Answer 5

• An atmospheric cell lying between the Polar cell and the Hadley cell
• It transfers warm air to high latitudes and shifts cold air back to the subtropics, where it is warmed

Question 6

what is a Hadley cell

Answer 6

• low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude

Question 7

what is a polar cell

Answer 7

• the smallest and weakest cells
• Air in these cells sinks over the highest latitudes and flows out towards the lower latitudes at the surface

Question 8

what is the albedo effect?

Answer 8

how much a surface reflects or absorbs the sun rays
- e.g polar ice (reflects more heat and making the poles colder)

Question 9

what is cloud cover?

Answer 9

• clouds affect sun rays, although potential isolation is stronger than the equator
• thick clouds reduce temperature

Question 10

what is wind?

Answer 10

• surface winds move heat around the world, from a high to low pressure

Question 11

what are ocean currents?

Answer 11

• because water is a fluid, ocean currents move heat easily
• Uk is much warmer than other countries at the same lattitude becuase it is warmed by the North Atlantic Drift

Question 12

what is the north atlantic drift

Answer 12

is a warm ocean current that originates in the carribean

Question 13

what is the hottest place in earth

Answer 13

Lut desser in iran (70*C)

Question 14

what is the coldest place in earth

Answer 14

antartica (-89.2)

Question 15

what is convectional rainfall

Answer 15

when the heated air from the earth’s surface rises upwards along with the water vapour and gets condensed when it reaches a higher altitude

Question 16

what is frontall rainfall

Answer 16

-occurs when a warm front meets a cold front.
- The heavier cold air sinks to the ground and the warm air rises above it. When the warm air rises, it cools. The cooler air condenses and form clouds. The clouds bring heavy rain.

Question 17

what is relief rainfall

Answer 17

occurs when warm, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean rises up over mountains. When the warm air rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds, which brings rain. Once the air has passed over the mountains, it descends and warms.

Question 18

what is the el nino effect

Answer 18

• related to weaker trade winds and lead to warmer than usual sea surface in the Pasific ocean
• cause drought in areas like asia and australia

Question 19

what is la nina effect

Answer 19

• related to stronger trade winds and lead to cooler than usual sea surface temperatures in the Pasific ocean
• can drought areas in california and peru

Question 20

casestudy: Typhoon Haiyan consequences

Answer 20

primary consiquences:
- heavy rainfall led to flash flooding and landslides
- strong winds caused damage to buildings
- people were drowned and killed or injured by falling debris
- infranstructure, trees, crops were damaged

secondary consiquences:
- people didnt have shelter, clean water or electricity
- roads were blocked by trees and 453 flights were cancelled
- many people lost friends or family members

Question 21

casestudy: Typhoon Haiyan responces

Answer 21

long term responses:
- cleaning debris and managing waste
- repairing infranstructure
- replanting mangroves around the coast to provide a buffer against future storm surges

imeediate repsonses:
- the united nations appealed for 190 million for emergency aid
- the world health organisation helped to manage the healthcare
- many countries sent aid, australia put in £28 million pacage including medicine staff

Question 22

Casestudy: Typhoon Haiyan key dates and place spersific

Answer 22

key dates:
- 2nd nov: storm forms in area of low pressure
- 5th nov: storm becomes tropical storm
- 6th nov: storm reaches catagory 5
- 7th nov: 8:40 (315km/h) then decreases wind speed to 10th nov

Place spersisifc:
- phillipines in november 2003
- typhoon became so strong that it reached eastern sammar
- began in persfic ocean but developed into topical storm in the phillipines

Question 23

what are some causes of droughts:

Answer 23

• less rain
• warmer temperatures
• dry soils
• high water usage

Question 24

consiquences of droughts

Answer 24

• social: homeworkers turn on tap water - banned
• enviro: moorland catch fire easily, river water was used to boost water supply
• eco: kills crops and livestock lose money

Question 25

what are the sections of the earth structure

Answer 25

1. inner core
2. outer core
3. mantle
4. continental crust

Question 26

what are the causes of earthquakes

Answer 26

• when plates break free or one plate give way, the energy released causes an earthquake beneath surface

Question 27

backup casestudy: Nepal in the Himilayas landlocked

Answer 27

emergency repsonces:
- 10 tonnes of blankets
- 50 tones of water and 22 tones of food
- doctors and 2 tonnes of medical supplies

long term responses:
- help nepal repair and rebuilt
- “cash for work” projects - survivors were paid to rebuild in their communites

consiquences:
- eco: £10 billion damage caused
- buisnesses are destoryed
- shops closed

• enviro: landslides in mountains, burried houses and cut off roads
• over 180 buildings were reduced to rubble
• aftershocks threatened to destory weakend buildings
• social: 19009 people injured
• schools, healthcare had to close
• 8635 people dead
• historical and religious buildings destroyed
• thousands of homeless people
• many people struglled to return to familys in rural areas