Topic 7 Lecture

Question 1

Ectotherm

Answer 1

Animals that dont regulate body temp

Question 2

Endotherms

Answer 2

use energy to maintain body temp

Question 3

Large large require____ but less

Answer 3

higher absolute energy but less energy per gram

Question 4

as body volume ____, SA _____ more ___

Answer 4

increase

increase

slowly

Question 5

Scaling

Answer 5

The study of the effect of size on anatomy/physiology

Question 6

larger animal has smaller ___relative to smaller organisms

Answer 6

SA/V ratio

Question 7

Organisms exchange matter and generate energy across

Answer 7

membranes (SA)

Question 8

small sa to volume is disadvantageous to for large organism so they

Answer 8

have highly branched circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems to increase SA

Question 9

Small Sa to V is advantageous t=for larger animals as

Answer 9

more heat retention
heat is produced by the entire volume and lost through SA

Question 10

Isometery

Answer 10

Both dimensions remain proportional

Question 11

Allometry

Answer 11

lengths don’t change equally (baby have bigger heads)

Question 12

Positive allometry (2)

Answer 12

Anything that scales greater then 1
as one dimension increases, the other increases to a greater proportion

Question 13

Hypoallometry (2)

Answer 13

As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a lesser proportion

scaling <1

Question 14

Energy In formula

Answer 14

Energy in=E assimilation (energy being used by body) + E excretion

Question 15

If you eat a kilo of steak and get X amount off kilocalorie from it, the energy is

Answer 15

Ein

Question 16

E assimilation + the formula *2 formulas

Answer 16

Energy being used, not being wasted

Eassimilated= Ein-Eexcretion

Eassimilated= Erm+Eproduction+Eactivity

Question 17

What is Eproduction mean?

Answer 17

You are eating a lot so your body stores it as glycogen or protein

growth and producion

Question 18

Ermr mean?

Answer 18

Resting metabolic rate

energy needed for maintenance, breathing, blood circulation, organ function. Daily routine

Question 19

the relationship btwn size, sa:V, and energy

Answer 19

smaller the animal, larger the SA:V, ratio, more energy required to meet demand

Question 20

examples of E excretion

Answer 20

Urine, feces, shedding, heat loss

Question 21

Herbivoure digestive tract

Answer 21

plant eating animals have longer digestive tract as plant material is harder to digest

Question 22

Carnivore digestive tract

Answer 22

Carnivores have smaller digestive tract as protein is more easily digestible.

Question 23

there’s an energy cost to disgisting your food such as

Answer 23

chewing, enzymes (net loss)

Question 24

SDA Specific dynamic action

Answer 24

extra heat produced or energy spent for digestion/ absorption

Question 25

Energy Excretion 4 steps

Answer 25

1. Food needs to be broken down (chewing/ezzymes) which takes energy 2. Nutrients are then absorbed which leads to net gain of energy 3. When most energy is absorbed, digestion rate decreases 4. All possible energy is extracted, leaving indigestible "dregs" for excretion (Lose some energy)

Question 26

Why do you need long digestive tract?

Answer 26

Increase SA and absorb more

Question 27

better quality vs low quality

Answer 27

better quality food requires less energy tp break up the food and derive more energy at a faster rate compared to low quality food

Question 28

Metabolic rate

Answer 28

a measure of activity/ amount of energy expended

Question 29

Rate of energy consumption

Answer 29

rate at which it converts chemical energy to heat and external work

Question 30

3 importance of metabolic rate

Answer 30

1. Helps determine how much food an animal needs 2. quantitative measurement of total activity of all physiological mechanisms (tells you overall) 3. Ecologically helps to determine the pressure on energy supplies in the ecosystems, Ecosystem has number of animals, you measure the metabolic rate of each of these animals and have an idea what total demand is. Gives ideas of how long it can be sustained.

Question 31

RMR+ includes what

Answer 31

Energy expenditure at rest but routine day to day. include digestion, taking a walk, sweating etc

Question 32

Basal Metabolic Rate (5)

Answer 32

For endotherms Amount of calorie you burn from staying active (necessary function) Metabolism at complete rest-lowest possible more muscle=higher absolute lowest measure in thermoneutral zone so NO THERMOREGULATION

Question 33

Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR) (3)

Answer 33

Ectotherms SMR will vary with temp so any SMR measurement is specific to the temp at which its taken ALWAYS SPECIFY TEMPERATURE Metabolic rate measure at a specific temp ectotherms can be in diff environments which dictate metabolic rate

Question 34

SMR and BMR (4)

Answer 34

measure of metabolic rate in animals that are calm at rest and not actively digesting food. needed to sustain life

Question 35

Field Metabolic rate

Answer 35

Metabolic rate measure in wild animals, free living animals

Question 36

Homeotherms

Answer 36

maintains constant body temp independent of ambient temp

Question 37

Poikilotherms

Answer 37

Cannot regulate its body temp except by hiding

Question 38

BMR of a homeotherm (3)

Answer 38

The animal's metabolic rate while it is in its thermoneutral zone, fasting, resting

Question 39

SMR of a poikilotherm

Answer 39

metabolic rate while it is fasting, resting specific for prevailing body temp

Question 40

Direct Calorimetry

Answer 40

Measures the rate at which heat leaves an animal's body: provides measure off energy expended in the form of heat. expensive + cumbersome

Question 41

Indirect calorimetry- 2 ways

Answer 41

1. measure the rate of respiratory gas exchange with its environment (respirometry) 2. Measure the chemical energy content of the organic matter that enters and leaves an animal's body (Material balance method)

Question 42

Weight specific MR and body weight relationship

Answer 42

Weight specific MR decreases with increasing body weight

Question 43

mass specific to absolute

Answer 43

+1

Question 44

Absolute to Mass specific

Answer 44

-1

Question 45

Eactivity includes

Answer 45

most forms of movement above the resting state

Question 46

E production

Answer 46

Both growth and reproduction if more than enough energy is consumed, the value is + and mass will increase If not enough energy is consumed, the value is - and mass will decrease