Topic 7 - Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
How do you maintain a healthy weight?
Energy in = Energy used up
How is BMI calculated?
BMI = mass (kg) / height2 (m)
Why isn’t BMI a good model for the healthiness?
It doesn’t take muscle mass into account, therefore bodybuilders would be seen as obese even though they are healthy.
What happens when you exercise?
The metabolic rate increases, respiration of muscle cells increases and therefore energy stored as glycogen and fat is used up, this leads to a decrease in risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity, lung capacity increases, heart muscle increases in size.
What is tar?
A carcinogen in cigarette smoke that causes cancer by blocking up the lungs.
Why is Carbon Monoxide harmful in smoking?
It binds to haemoglobin instead of oxygen, decreasing your breathing capacity.
Why is smoking during pregnancy harmful?
The baby is developing but Carbon Monoxide can lead to breathlessness in the baby and a lack of growth due to little oxygen in the blood stream, leading to stillbirths or problems for the child during their life.
What other problems does smoking cause?
Heart attack/stroke as fatty deposits are built up leading to heart disease.
Why is drinking alcohol during pregnancy so harmful?
Alcohol can cross the placenta to the baby, causing birth defects, premature births and miscarriages as well as
foetal alcohol syndrome, affecting the development of the child.
Why is alcohol so damaging for adults?
Alcohol can lead to liver damage caused by the damage of liver tissue, leading to a lesser production of bile and therefore you struggle to break down fat and alcohol. Alcohol also impairs brain function and slowing reaction times.
What risk factors are there for non-communicable diseases?
Excess alcohol, smoking, imbalanced diet, exposure to carcinogens, ionising radiation
What is a causal mechanism?
Where a correlations is shown between a lifestyle factor and a disease.
What does drinking excess alcohol cause in offspring of pregnant women?
Foetal alcohol syndrome, premature births, non-communicable diseases.
What is the problem with carbon monoxide?
It binds to haemoglobin moleculesin the blood stream instead of oxygen, preventing maximum respiration.
What does smoking cause?
Narrowing of blood vessels, buildup of tar.
