Topic 8

Question 1

P-value

Answer 1

Probability of getting a sample mean more extreme than the observed mean

Question 2

Significance Level (α)

Answer 2

Usually 0.05 (also the chance of making a Type 1 error)

Question 3

High P-value

Answer 3

Bigger than α, don’t reject the null hypothesis

Question 4

Low P-Value

Answer 4

Less than α, reject the null hypothesis

Question 5

Type 1 Error (false positive)

Answer 5

Rejecting the null hypothesis when H0 is true

Question 6

Type 2 Error (false negative)

Answer 6

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when HA is true

Question 7

Hypothesis testing a population mean (steps)

Answer 7

1. Set the hypotheses
   H0: μ = null value
   HA: μ < or > or ≠ null value
2. Calculate the point estimate: the sample mean
3. Check assumptions and conditions
4. Calculate a p-value based on the modelled sampling distribution (draw a picture!)
5. Make a decision, and interpret it in context
   If p-value < α, reject H0, data provide evidence for HA
   If p-value > α, do not reject H0, data do not provide evidence for HA