Topic 8 - Fungi

Question 1

What is fungi used for?

Answer 1

Fungi is used in food processing, antibitocis and causes diseases.

Question 2

What are some characteristics of fungi?

Answer 2

• Eukaryotic
• Membrane bound
• True nuclues
• Chemoheterotrophic
• Reproduces sexually and asxeually
• Tolerates high osmotic pressure and low miosture
• Chitin walls
• Unicellular

Question 3

How does fungi process chemoheterotrophic absorption?

Answer 3

Fungi gets carbon from orgnaic sources, the hyphae releases enzymes into the environment which breakdown products into substrate and this diffuses back into hyphae.

Question 4

What are the thallus, hyphae, mycelium and saprophytes in fungi?

Answer 4

• Thallus is the body
• Hyphae are the small tube like cells, it is hapliod (one copy of DNA)
• Myeclium is web-like network of the cells
• Saprophytes are also called saprobes and produce exoenzymes

Question 5

What are some comparisons between fungi and bacteria?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the different parts of the hyphae?

Answer 6

There is the pore, nuclues, cell wall and septum. The hyphae grows from the spore.

Question 7

What are fairy ring?

Answer 7

Fairy rings are fruiting bodies at the edge of the mycelium. The mycelium has a large SA.

Question 8

What are the differences between dimorphic funig types?

Answer 8

Non-pathogenic dimorphic fungi (Mucor Indius) relies on the avaibalilty of carbon dioxide whereas pathogenic dimorhpic fungi (Histoplasma capsulatum) relies on the temperature.

Question 9

What is an example if unicellular fungi and the characteristics?

Answer 9

Yeasts and fission yeasts divide symmetrically while budding yeats divide asymmetrically.

Question 10

What are the three phases of sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

• Plasmogy: cytoplasm of two parent cell hyphae fuse + hyphae penetrates recipient - hyphae cytoplasm
• karyogmy: nuclei of both + and - hyphae are in the same cytoplasm and fuse
• meiosis: resutling dipload become halpiod which becomes nucluei of sexual spores

Question 11

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

This is mitosis only.

Question 12

What are the 5 fungi phylums?

Answer 12

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

Glomeromyctoa

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Question 13

What are the characterisitcs of chytridiomycota?

Answer 13

• vegtatvie growth (hyphae)
• Swimming zoospores with flagella
• 800 species
• most primitive

Question 14

What are charachterisitics of zygomycota?

Answer 14

• Conjugative fungi
• coenoctytic (aseptate)
• produces sprongiospores (asexual), non-motile, chitin and aseptate
• zygospores (sexual)
• it is a systematic disease which affects a number of organs,, tissues or body
• mycoses is a fungal infection of animals

Question 15

Characterisitcs of glomeromycota?

Answer 15

• very important for plant growth as fungi grows inside plant roots and forms arbuscules which is important for nutrient diffusion
• the plant provides the fungus with sugar and the fungi sobulises phosphorus for plants

Question 16

Characteristics of ascomycota?

Answer 16

• biggest phylum with 75% of fungal species
• sac fungi
• septate walls
• Aspergillus, histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatits which is an opputunistic systematic mycosis
• penicilin
• Microspurm and trichopyton whihc is ringworm
• asexual spores have conidium on condiophores and are non motile

Question 17

Characterisitics of basidiomycota?

Answer 17

• Club fungi which is a club shapped reproductive structure basidium which sexual spores attach to
• non-motile pores, septate and sexual spores = basidospores
• mushrom and puff balls

Question 18

What are benefits of fungi?

Answer 18

• decomposition of dead plants
• anitbiotic source along with alcohol, organic acids and vitamins
• used for making food in genetic studies
• mycorrhizae which is mutalistic root associations

Question 19

What are the fungal sexual spores

Answer 19

Question 20

Specific example of beneficial fungi?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is mycorrhizas?

Answer 21

It is a mutaliation between fungus and plant. The fungus is used for water uptake and increase in SA and the plant is used for carbs for fungus.

There is glomeromycota which invades the cells, ascomycota and basidiomycota which dont invade the cell just invade the root via hyphae.

Question 22

Harmfull effects of fungi?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the types of mycosis?

Answer 23

Question 24

What are lichens?

Answer 24

They are a mutalisation between fungus and a microbe such as cynobacteria and algae.

The algae provides carbs for the fungi and the fungi provides it with a home.

Question 25

What are oomycetes ?

Answer 25

They are fungis-like algae.

They have swimming spores, cellulose walls and two flagella.

They are vechiles of infection

nuclei is diploid