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Microbiology > Topic 9 -Parasites > Flashcards

Topic 9 -Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between ecto and endoparasite?

A

Ecto - on the host

Endo - in the host

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2
Q

What are the classifications of parasites?

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Nematoda
  3. Platyhelminthes
  4. Arthropoda
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3
Q

What are examples of protozoa?

A

Amebae, flagellates, coccidia, sporozoans and microsporidia.

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4
Q

What are examples of nematodes?

A

Roundworms

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5
Q

What are examples of platyhelminthes?

A

flatworms, cestodes and trematodes

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6
Q

What are protozoan characteristics?

A

Trophoziote (vegetative state), sexual reproduction by conjugation, produce cysts and asexual is through fission/budding or schizogony.

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7
Q

What protozoans cause disease?

A

Giardia lamblia (cyst) and Trichomonas vaginalis (not cyst stage)

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8
Q

What are helminths?

A

Parasitic worm in the animalia kingdom. There are two phylums:

  • platyhelminths = flat worms and the classes include = traematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms).
  • Nematodes = roundworms
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9
Q

What are helminth characteristics?

A
  1. Reduced digestive system
  2. Reduced nervous system
  3. Reduced locomotion
  4. Complex reproduction
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10
Q

What is the life cycle of helminths?

A

Egg —-> Larvae —-> Adult

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11
Q

What is the difference between monoecious and dioecious?

A

Monoecious is a hermaphrodite which means it has both male and female reproductive systems in one animal while dioecious have separate male and female parts.

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12
Q

What is a definitive host?

A

A host where adult stage of parasite emerges and produces eggs that are passed onto intermediate host

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13
Q

What is an intermediate host?

A

A host where parasite can’t produce eggs in

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14
Q

What are virus characteristics?

A
  1. Intracellular parasites
  2. Contain DNA and RNA
  3. Protein coat
  4. Some have spikes
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15
Q

What is the virion structure?

A
  • Nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA never both
  • Capsid, made up of capsomeres
  • Envelope, spikes may protrude from envelope and envelope is host-cell derived
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16
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

Viruses that are pathogenic to bacteria

17
Q

What is the structure of the virion structure?

A
  • Head
  • Sheath
  • Baseplate
  • Tail
18
Q

What is T-even mean?

A

Bacteriophage will have an even number

19
Q

What is a T4 bacteriophage?

A

A complex virus which is non-enveloped

20
Q

What is the taxonomy of viruses?

A 
Family = -viridae
Genus = -virus
Species = common names
Subspecies = number
21
Q

What is a plaque?

A

A clearing in bacterial lawn caused by bacterial colony lysis.

22
Q

What does embryonted egg mean?

A

A fertilised egg

23
Q

Animal viruses can grow in living animals but not embryonated eggs. True or False?

A

False, they can grow in both

24
Q

What are the step with growing viruses in cell cultures?

A
  1. Treat tissue with enzyme to separate cells
  2. cells suspended in culture medium
  3. Transformed or continous cell cultures dont grow in a monolayer
25
Q

How is the viral one step curve different then bacterial growth?

A

Bacterial growth has a lag, log, stationary and death phase

26
Q

What are virus identifications?

A
  1. Cytopathic effects
  2. Serological tests
  3. Nucleic acid
27
Q

What is the lytic cycle?

A
  1. Attachment - phage attaches by tail fiber to host cell
  2. Penetration - lysosome opens cell wall and sheath contracts and forces DNA into cell
  3. Biosynthesis - production of DNA and proteins
  4. Maturation - assembly of phage proteins
  5. Release - lysosome breaks cell wall
28
Q

What is the result of bacteriophage multiplication?

A

lytic cycle - causes death of host cell

lysogenic cycle - incorporates DNA into host DNA, phage conversion and specialized transduction

29
Q

What are the life cycles of animal viruses?

A 
Attachment 
Penetration 
Uncoating 
Biosynthesis 
Maturation 
Release
30
Q

What are plant viruses and viroids?

A

PV - enter through wounds or insects

Viroids - Infectious RNA

31
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A symbiont that lives/harms at the expense of another organism. This relationship involves the host and the parasite.
It may result in disease.

32
Q

What are prion diseases caused by?

A

An aberrant form of a naturally occuring protein PrP

33
Q

Why are prion diseases different to other diseases?

A

It’s the first transmissible disease without a nucleic acid being involved which is different to viruses and bacteria

34
Q

What is a normal cellular prion? What causes plaques?

A

PrPc

PrPsc

35
Q

What is the post mortem appearance of a prion?

A

Large vacuoles in cortex and cerebellum, known as spongiform encephalopathies

36
Q

What are transmissible forms of prion diseases?

A 
TME
CWD
BSE
vCJD
Scarpie
37
Q

What are inherited forms of prion diseases?

A

CJD
GSS
FFI
Kuru

Microbiology (10 decks)

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