Topic 8C: Two Way Species Interactions - Mutualism's and Parasitism

Question 1

Cheating

Answer 1

Cheating in plant pollinator mutualism occurs in both pollinator and plant.
Pollinator:
- Nectar robbers: pollinators that exploit energy rich nectar but do not move pollen
- Plant: produce flowers the mimic size, shape, and odour of female wasps, inducing pseudocopulation by male wasps, which pick up and deposit pollen in the process

Question 2

Ecological network

Answer 2

the interactions that occur among co-occurring species in a community

Question 3

Ecosystem Service

Answer 3

the process and resources provided by ecological systems that are of value to humans

Question 4

Facultative Mutualism

Answer 4

a mutualistic relationship between two species that is not required for the survival of two species. But leads to positive effects on fitness

Question 5

Lichen Mutualism

Answer 5

A lichen is an organism that results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.

Question 6

Generalist vs Specialist Mutualism

Answer 6

Generalist - a predator or herbivore that regularly includes a variety of prey species as part of its diet.

Specialist - a predator or herbivore that regularly feeds upon a single, or very few, prey species.

Question 7

Mutualist - exploiter Continuum

Answer 7

Mutualism and parasitism are two points on a continuum of ecological interactions.
Theory predicts mutualism will evolve where the benefits of mutualism > costs for both spp.
Most mutualisms are exploitive interactions that happen to be reciprocal.

Question 8

Mycorrhizae

Answer 8

is the association between roots and fungi. Forms a network of filaments that associate with plant roots and draw nutrients from the soil that the root system would not be able to access otherwise.

Question 9

Myrmecophytism

Answer 9

are plants that live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants. these plants possess structural adaptations that provide ants with food and or shelter

Question 10

Obligate mutualism

Answer 10

Essential to species existence. If 1 species dies, so does the other. This is highly evolved mutualism. Less common than facultative.

Question 11

Mutualism

Answer 11

interactions between individuals of different species that benefit both partners

Question 12

Parasitism

Answer 12

association between two different organisms wherein one benefits at the expense of the other

Question 13

Symbiosis

Answer 13

is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms

Question 14

Exploitation (predation)

Answer 14

Positive for one, negative for the other

Question 15

Commensalism

Answer 15

positive for one, neutral for the other

Question 16

competition

Answer 16

negative for both

Question 17

ammensalism

Answer 17

neutral for one, negative for the other

Question 18

mutualism

Answer 18

positive for both