Topic 9 Rocks

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

A natural substance that makes up rocks

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outermost layer of the earth

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A hot mixture of molten rock and gases below the earths surface or crust

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

Material broken down by weathering and erosion

Question 5

Native

Answer 5

Elements found uncombined in earths crust

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

Elements found naturally that is uncombined in earths crust

Question 7

Crystals

Answer 7

Geometrically shaped substances made up of atoms and molecules

Question 8

Lustre

Answer 8

Appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light

Question 9

Streak

Answer 9

Colour of a mineral as a fine powder

Question 10

Hardness

Answer 10

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

Question 11

Igneous rocks

Answer 11

Rock that are form by Cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air

Question 12

Extrusive rocks

Answer 12

Igneous rock that form when lava cools above surface

Question 13

Pumice

Answer 13

Pale rock that forms when frothy (air) lava cools in the air, only rock that can float

Question 14

Scoria

Answer 14

Dark igneous rock that is formed by gassy lava

Question 15

Abrasive

Answer 15

A property that easily scratches another

Question 16

Basalt

Answer 16

A dark igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava

Question 17

Obsidian

Answer 17

A black glassy rock that breaks into pieces with a smooth shell like surfaces

Question 18

Intrusive rocks

Answer 18

Igneous rocks that forms when magma cools below earths surface

Question 19

Batholiths

Answer 19

Instructive rock that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 20

Granite

Answer 20

Hard crystal rock with different coloured crystals large enough to see

Question 21

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 21

Rocks that are sedimented together in layers, under pressure.

Question 22

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 22

Rock that is formed by another rock that has been under great heat pressure.

Question 23

Erosion

Answer 23

The weathering away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers, ice and human activity

Question 24

Floodplains

Answer 24

Flood open land that is beside a river were sediments are deposited during a flood.

Question 25

Glaciers

Answer 25

Large bodies of ice that moves down slopes and pushes rocks and gravel in front of them

Question 26

Moraines

Answer 26

Deposit left by the movement of a glacier

Question 27

Sandstone

Answer 27

A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains, the grains are cemented together by Silica lime or other salts

Question 28

Mudstone

Answer 28

A fine grained sedimentary rock without layering

Question 29

Shale

Answer 29

A fined grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by making the clay stronger

Question 30

Siltstone

Answer 30

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between a sandstone and a mudstone

Question 31

Conglomerate

Answer 31

Sedimentary rock found with large particles with various sizes cemented together

Question 32

Coal

Answer 32

Sedimentary rocks formed by dead plants and animals that were

Question 33

Rock salt

Answer 33

Sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up

Question 34

Metamorphism

Answer 34

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

Question 35

Slate

Answer 35

A fined grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

Question 36

Gneiss

Answer 36

A coarse grained metamorphic rock formed Mainly as a results of great pressure on granite

Question 37

Mineral ores

Answer 37

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemicals within them.

Question 38

Mining

Answer 38

Extraction of natural resources from the earth

Question 39

Environmental impact statement

Answer 39

Study of possible effects planned projects on the environment

Question 40

Rehabilitate

Answer 40

Restored to it previous condition

Question 41

Overburden

Answer 41

Waste rock removed below the topsoil, then the rock is replaced when the area is restored .

Question 42

Open cut mining

Answer 42

Mining the scours out soil and rocks on the surface on the land

Question 43

Underground mining

Answer 43

Mining that uses the shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 44

Stone Age

Answer 44

The time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Question 45

Alloy

Answer 45

A mixture of metal with a non metal or another metal

Question 46

Flint

Answer 46

A fined grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken.

Question 47

Percussion flaking

Answer 47

A process to which tool stones such a flint and obsidian were struck with harder stones such as quartzite to make small tools

Question 48

Fossils

Answer 48

Any remains or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age.

Question 49

Palaeontologisits

Answer 49

A scientist who studies fossils

Question 50

Folding

Answer 50

The bulking of rocks this is caused when a rock is under pressure from both sides.

Question 51

Relative age

Answer 51

The age of a rock compared with another rocks age.

Question 52

Mould

Answer 52

A rock that shows the hard parts of an organism or fungi found on the surface of foods.

Question 53

Trace fossils

Answer 53

Fossils that provide evidence such as foot prints that a organism was present when the rock was found

Question 54

Extinct

Answer 54

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active

Question 55

Ectothermic

Answer 55

Describes an animals who's body temperature is determined by it environment.

Question 56

Endothermic

Answer 56

Describes an animal that requires heat input to maintain its body temperature.