Topic B

Question 1

Any living material that is composed of atoms and takes up space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Elements required in large amounts and make up the majority of living cells

Answer 2

Bulk elements

Question 3

What are the four most abundant elements in living cells?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

Question 4

Elements that are required in living systems but in small amounts

Answer 4

Trace elements

Question 5

Give two examples of trace elements

Answer 5

Iron and zinc

Question 6

How are elements identified?

Answer 6

By the number of protons

Question 7

An atom’s nucleus contains

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons

Question 8

What charge do protons have?

Answer 8

Positive charge

Question 9

What charge do neutrons have?

Answer 9

Neutral (no charge)

Question 10

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 10

Negative charge

Question 11

The atomic number of an atom is determined by what?

Answer 11

The number of protons

Question 12

Atoms can gain or lose charge. An atom with a charge is a what?

Answer 12

Ion

Question 13

When does an ion have a positive charge?

Answer 13

When electrons are lost

Question 14

When does an ion have a negative charge?

Answer 14

When electrons are gained

Question 15

The mass number of an atom is

Answer 15

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Question 16

What is the difference between an atom and an element?

Answer 16

An atom is the smallest unit of matter. An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 17

What are atoms called that have different number of neutrons?

Answer 17

Isotopes

Question 18

What is a radioactive isotope?

Answer 18

An isotope that emits energy as rays or particles when they break down into more stable forms

Question 19

What is a molecule?

Answer 19

Two or more atoms joined together (can be atoms of the same or different elements)

Question 20

What ions impact the pH of solutions?

Answer 20

Hydrogen ions

Question 21

pH7=

Answer 21

Neutral

Question 22

pH<7=

Answer 22

Acidic

Question 23

pH>7=

Answer 23

Alkaline

Question 24

What are the biological or organic molecules?

Answer 24

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 25

What are monomers?

Answer 25

Small molecules (subunits) that are the fundamental building blocks of larger molecules

Question 26

What are polymers?

Answer 26

A chain of subunits (monomers) held together by chemical bonds

Question 27

Carbohydrate monomers are called

Answer 27

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 28

What are examples of carbohydrate monomers?

Answer 28

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 29

Carbohydrate polymers are called

Answer 29

Polysaccharides

Question 30

What are examples of carbohydrate polymers?

Answer 30

Complex carbohydrates; cellulose, chitlin, starch, and glycogen

Question 31

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 31

Quick energy/store energy, support cells, and structural support

Question 32

What are amino acids?

Answer 32

Monomers of proteins

Question 33

What are polypeptides?

Answer 33

Polymers of proteins

Question 34

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 34

Carries out nearly all of the work of the cell

Question 35

What are nucleotides?

Answer 35

Monomers of nucleic acid

Question 36

What are examples of nucleotides?

Answer 36

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 37

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 37

DNA and RNA

Question 38

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 38

Store and use genetic information and transmit it to the next generation

Question 39

Do lipids have monomers and polymers?

Answer 39

No! Lipids have three different subunits.

Question 40

Triglycerides

Answer 40

Glycerol and three fatty acid chains; store energy

Question 41

Steroids

Answer 41

Carbon chains and rings; stabilize animal membranes, sex hormones

Question 42

Phospholipids

Answer 42

Glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and phosphate; form a major part of biological membrane