Topic D

Question 1

Potential energy

Answer 1

Stored energy available to do work

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

The energy of motion

Question 3

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, although it can be converted into other forms

Answer 3

First law of thermodynamics

Question 4

All energy transformations are inefficient because every reaction loses some energy to the surrounding as heat (entropy)

Answer 4

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 5

Entropy

Answer 5

The measure of how much energy is unavailable to do work because it has turned to heat

Question 6

How does entropy exist if organisms are so organized?

Answer 6

They are not isolated from their surroundings; they can increase in complexity as long as something else decreases in complexity by a greater amount

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

All of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that consume or generate energy

Question 8

Metabolic reactions that require energy input from the reactants, the products

Answer 8

Contain more energy than the reactants

Question 9

Metabolic reactions that release energy

Answer 9

The reactants contain more energy than the products

Question 10

What are the 3 components of ADP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 10

3 phosphate groups, adenine (base), and ribose (sugar)

Question 11

What is ADP (adenosine diphosphate)?

Answer 11

It is restored to ATP by taking in energy from the environment

Question 12

How is an autotroph different from a heterotroph?

Answer 12

Autotrophs are able to use inorganic substances to produce organic compounds. Heterotrophs can only consume preexisting organic molecules

Question 13

Examples of autotrophs

Answer 13

Plants, algae, bacteria

Question 14

Examples of heterotrophs

Answer 14

Animals, fungi, bacteria

Question 15

What organelle is the site for photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Chloroplast

Question 16

Converts kinetic (light) energy into potential energy in glucose bonds

Answer 16

Photosynthesis
6CO(2) + 6H(2)O —(light energy)—-> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

Question 17

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

Answer 17

The sun

Question 18

Which molecule stores potential energy at the end of photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

All electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, which are?

Answer 19

Discrete packets of kinetic energy that travel in waves

Question 20

What parts of a plant captures light and energy?

Answer 20

Chlorophyll A and accessory pigments (chlorophyll B and carotenoids)

Question 21

What are the main organs of photosynthesis in plants?

Answer 21

Leaves, roots, and stomata

Question 22

Where does gas exchange happen in a plant?

Answer 22

Stomata

Question 23

Cellular respiration (AKA aerobic respiration)

Answer 23

Converts potential energy (in glucose) into ATP that cells use to do work
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) —-> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + Energy (36 ATP)

Question 24

What organelle is the site for cellular respiration?

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

Why do plants carry out photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 25

Photosynthesis produces the glucose that plants need for energy, and cellular respiration is the process that breaks down that glucose to release usable energy (ATP)

Question 26

How is matter recycled though the rearrangement of bonds in chemical reactions?

Answer 26

Bonds between the atoms break, then the atoms recombine to form new bonds, creating different product molecules