Topic B1-Microscopes, Cells, Transport, Cell Division & Stem Cells

Question 1

How many micrometers are there in 1 metre?

Answer 1

1, 000, 000

Question 2

What kind of microscope do we use at school?

Answer 2

Light microscope

Question 3

What kind of microscope allowed biologists to see and understand more about subcellular structures inside?

Answer 3

Electron microscope

Question 4

How can you calculate real size of a microscope image?

Answer 4

Image size
___________

Magnification

Question 5

What determines how much detail a microscope can show?

Answer 5

Resolving power

Question 6

What kind of cell contains genetic material enclosed in a nucleus?

Answer 6

Eukaryotic

Question 7

What kind of cell does not have a nucleus

Answer 7

Prokaryotic / bacterial cell

Question 8

Which is smaller?: eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

Prokaryotic

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 9

Hold DNA

Question 10

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 10

Chemical reactions

Question 11

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what enters and exits cell

Question 12

Function of mitochondria

Answer 12

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 13

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

Sure of protein synthesis

Question 14

Function of choloroplasts

Answer 14

Site of photosynthesis

Question 15

Function of chlorophyll

Answer 15

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 16

What is vacuole filled with

Answer 16

Cell sap

Question 17

What are plant and agal cell walls made of?

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

Which specialised cells contain lots of mitochondria?

Answer 18

Sperm cells,
Muscle cells
Root hair cells

Question 19

Which specialises cell has a long axon?

Answer 19

Nerve cell/ neurone

Question 20

Which specialised cells contain protein that slide over each other and store glycogen?

Answer 20

Muscle cells

Question 21

Which specialised cells have a large surface are, permanent vacuole and lots of mitochondria for active transport?

Answer 21

Root Hair Cell

Question 22

Which specialised cells have broken down cell walls that form sieve plates and are supported by companion cells?

Answer 22

Phloem cells

Question 23

Which specialised cells become lignified and die?

Answer 23

Xylem cells

Question 24

With a suitable temperature and nutrients, how often can some bacteria divide?

Answer 24

Every 20 minutes

Question 25

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 26

• Genetic material is doubled then divided into 2 identical cells • Growth and reproduction of sub-cellular structures • Mitosis (chromosomes pulled to each end of the cell and nucleus divides)

Question 27

what is an undifferentiated cell of an organism that can give rise to many more cells of the same type and from which certain cells can arise from (differentiation) ?

Answer 27

stem cells

Question 28

Which tissue can develop into any type of plant cell throughout its life?

Answer 28

Meristem

Question 29

What may stem cells be used to help treat?

Answer 29

Diabetes, paralysis

Question 30

Disadvantages of stem cells…?

Answer 30

• Potential risks - such as viral transfer • Ethical or religious objection

Question 31

What is diffusion?

Answer 31

The spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 32

What 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 32

1) concentration gradient 2) temperature 3) surface area

Question 33

What is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased by?

Answer 33

• Large surface area • Thin efficient blood supply • Being ventilated to maintain the concentration gradient

Question 34

What is osmosis?

Answer 34

Diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 35

What does active transport require?

Answer 35

Energy

Question 36

describe the structure of cytoplasm

Answer 36

fluid compenent, contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients.

Question 37

describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted for their function

Answer 37

long axon - electrical impulses to be transmitted all over body dendrites - to recieve impulses from other cells myelin sheath - insulates the axon and speeds up the transition of impulses along the nerve cell