Topic B5 - Nervous System, Endocrine System, Contraception, Menstrual Cycle And Diabetes

Question 1

What is homeostasis

Answer 1

Regulation of the internal condition of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in respond to internal and external changes

Question 2

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 2

Maintain optimum condition for enzyme action and all cell functions

Question 3

What 3 factors must be controlled in the body?

Answer 3

Blood glucose concentration
Temp
Water levels

Question 4

What 3 things do all control systems include?

Answer 4

Receptor cells
Coordination centres
Effectors

Question 5

What do receptor cells do?

Answer 5

Detect stimuli

Question 6

Stimulus?

Answer 6

Change in environment

Question 7

Coordination centres?

Answer 7

Revive and process info from receptors

Question 8

What are effectors

Answer 8

Muscles or glands

Question 9

Effectors job?

Answer 9

Being about response ~> restore optimum levels

Question 10

Nervous system job?

Answer 10

Allow humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour

Question 11

How does info pass along neurones?

Answer 11

Electrical impulse

Question 12

What does CNs consist of?

Answer 12

Brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Reflex actions importance?

Answer 13

Protect us from harm

Question 14

Endocrine system consists of…

Answer 14

Glands and hormones

Question 15

What do glands secrete

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

Master gland

Answer 16

Pituitary

Question 17

Adrenal glands location

Answer 17

Above kidneys

Question 18

Pituitary gland locations

Answer 18

Brain

Question 19

Thyroid gland location

Answer 19

Neck

Question 20

Which organ controls and monitors blood glucose concentration

Answer 20

Pancreas

Question 21

What happens if blood glucose concentration too high…???

Answer 21

Pancreas releases insulin,, causes glucose to move into cells

In liver muscle cells the glucose is converted into glycogen for storage

Question 22

Glycogen?

Answer 22

Stored glucose in the liver and muscles

Question 23

Blood sugar level too low?

Answer 23

Pancreas releases glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 24

Function of coordination centres

Answer 24

Coordination centres obtain and process info form receptors

Question 25

Function of nervous system??

Answer 25

Allows body to react to its surroundings and coordinate an appropriate response

Question 26

Difference between reflex pathway and conscious pathway

Answer 26

Reflex pathway - co-ordination centre is a relay neurone found in the spinal chord/ unconscious part of brain Conscious pathway- coordination centre is the conscious part of the brain

Question 27

What is the name of the body’s coordination system that involves hormones?

Answer 27

Endocrine system

Question 28

What’s a hormone

Answer 28

Chemical messenger secreted by a gland. Travels in blood to target organ where is causes a response

Question 29

Why is pituitary gland called master gland?

Answer 29

Secretes a wide range of hormones some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands.

Question 30

Role of thyroid

Answer 30

Secretes thyroxine Controls metabolism heart rate and body temp

Question 31

What does insulin do after its secreted by the pancreas?

Answer 31

Insulin bonds to receptors on liver and muscles, causing excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored.

Question 32

How does pancreas respond when blood glucose level too low?

Answer 32

Pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon bonds to liver cells causing glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 33

Type one diabetes?

Answer 33

An autoimmune disorder In which pancreas does not secrete sufficient insulin

Question 34

Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 34

Disorder in which body’s cells stop responding to insulin, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose concentration

Question 35

What are the 4 main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 35

Oestrogen Progesterone Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 36

Role of FSH?

Answer 36

Controls maturation of eggs, trigger production of oestrogen by ovaries

Question 37

Role of oestrogen

Answer 37

Causes re growth of uterus lining, trigger production of LH, restricts release of more FSH

Question 38

Role of LH?

Answer 38

Triggers ovulation

Question 39

Role of progesterone?

Answer 39

Secreted from the follicle of the ovary. Sustains uterus lining and inhibits FSH and LH

Question 40

How does the pill prevent pregnancy?

Answer 40

Inhibits FSH- eggs do not mature. Prevent developments of uterus lining- up gigs can’t implant Increases thickness of cervical mucus- immobilise sperm cells

Question 41

What’s the contraceptive implant?

Answer 41

Rod I steered under skin, continuously releases progesterone, lasts 3 years

Question 42

IUS job?

Answer 42

Releases progesterone, thickens cervical mucus and prevents build up of uterine lining

Question 43

IUD job?

Answer 43

Copper contains device inserted into uterus, prevents implantation of embryos

Question 44

How do fertility drugs increase change of pregnancy

Answer 44

Contains FSH and LH

Question 45

What’s IVF??

Answer 45

Fertility treatments, mother given FSH and LH, stimulates maturation of eggs and ovulation. Eggs fertilised using sperm in a lab in a lab, develop into embryos. Then one or two embryos are inserted into the womv

Question 46

Advantages of fertility treatment

Answer 46

Allows infertile couples to have kids Store a woman’s eggs for later

Question 47

Disadvantages of fertility treatment

Answer 47

Expensive, low success, chance of multiple prefabs cues, side effects from drygs

Question 48

What’s negative feedback?

Answer 48

A type of control, to restore optimum levels