Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Paper 1 > Topic B2 - Organisation > Flashcards

Topic B2 - Organisation Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

A basic building block that all organisms have. Singular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells that work together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of different tissues that work together. E.g stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together

E.g digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Catalyse (speed up) chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stops an enzyme working?

A

High temperatures
High/Low pHs

By changing shape of the active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

Break BIG molecules down into smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do digestive enzymes break molecules down?

A

So that they can pass through the walls of the digestive system.

Then be absorbed into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of enzymes?

A

Amylase (carbohydrase)
Protease
Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch (carbohydrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does amylase break starch down into?

A

Maltose and other sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does protease break down?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does protein break down into?

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is protease produced?

A

Stomach
Small Intestine
Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do lipids break down into?

A

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Small Intestine

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does bile speed up digestion?

A

1) Makes conditions alkaline so enzymes work better in small intestine
2) Emulsifies fat so there is a larger surface area for lipase to work on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two circuits in the double circulatory system?

A

Circuit 1

  • Right Ventricle
  • Lungs
  • Heart

Circuit 2

  • Left Ventricle
  • Rest Of Body
  • Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

Supply heart with oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What vein takes blood from lungs to heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What artery takes blood from heart to lungs?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pulmonary artery

25
What vein takes blood from body to heart?
Vena Cava
26
What artery takes blood from heart to body?
Aorta
27
What do pacemaker cells do?
Control resting heart rate
28
Where are pacemaker cells found?
Right Atrium
29
Why would someone need an artificial pacemaker?
Because there pacemaker cells don’t work properly
30
How are arteries built?
Thick Muscle Elastic layers High pressure
31
How are capillaries built?
Thin permeable walls for diffusion.
32
How are veins built?
Thin walls
33
Rate of blood flow formula
Volume of blood ———————— Time Taken
34
What are the 4 blood components?
- Red Blood Cells - White Blood Cells - Platelets - Plasma
35
What is the function of Red Blood Cells?
Carry oxygen around the body
36
What is the function of White Blood Cells?
Defend Against Infection
37
What is the function of Platelets?
Help blood to clot a wound
38
What is the function of Plasma?
Carries everything in the blood
39
How are Red Blood Cells adapted for oxygen carrying?
1) No Nucleus - More Room for O2 2) Contains haemoglobin - binds to O2 3) Large Surface Area
40
How do white blood cells defend against infection?
Release: Phagocytosis Antitoxins Antibodies
41
What are platelets?
Fragments of cells
42
What is plasma?
A liquid that carries everything in the blood e.g - Red Blood Cells - White Blood Cells - Amino Acids - Hormones - CO2 Etc.
43
Cardiovascular Diseases Definition
Diseases or the heart or blood vessels
44
What is an example of a cardiovascular disease?
Coronary Heat Disease
45
What is coronary heart disease?
When blood flow is restricted by fatty deposits, in a blood vessel, causing a lack of oxygen to the heart.
46
What are the 5 treatments for cardiovascular disease?
1) Statins 2) Stent 3) Heart Transplant 4) Artificial Heart 5) Replacement Heart Valves
47
What are the pros and cons of statins?
Pros: - Reduce amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood, slows formation of fatty deposits Cons: - Long-Term - Can Have Negative Side Effects
48
What are the pros and cons of using a stent as treatment for cardiovascular disease?
Pros: - Keeps arteries open for a long time - Recovery time from surgery is quick Cons: - Surgery can cause bleeding and infection - Artificial Devices can leave to thrombosis (blood clots)
49
What are the pros and cons of a heart transplant?
Pros: - can treat heart failure - donor hearts work better than artificial ones Cons: Cons: - Surgery can cause bleeding and infection - Donor hearts or halves can be rejected by immune system
50
What are the pros and cons of an artificial heart for treatment of cardiovascular diseases?
Pros: - can be used whilst waiting for a donor heart or while heart is healing Cons: Cons: - Surgery can cause bleeding and infection - Artificial Devices can leave to thrombosis (blood clots)
51
What are the pros and cons of replacing heart valves for treatment of a cardiovascular disease?
Pros: - Can treat severe valve damage Cons: Cons: - Surgery can cause bleeding and infection - Artificial Devices can leave to thrombosis (blood clots) - Donor hearts or valves can be rejected by the immune system
52
Health Definition
The state or physical and mental well-being
53
What 4 things can affect health?
1) Disease 2) Stress 3) Diet 4) Life situation e.g access to health care
54
What are the two types of diseases?
Communicable | Non-Communicable
55
What 4 ways may diseases interact?
-> = can be made more likely 1) Immune disorder -> communicable diseases 2) Infection by certain viruses -> certain cancers 3) Pathogen infection that causes an immune system reaction -> allergic reactions 4) Severe physical health problems -> mental health issues
56
Risk Factors Definition
Things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood that a person will develop a certain disease during their lifetime.
57
What are the 5 risk factors for non-communicable diseases?
1) Lack of Exercise, Unhealthy Diet - Cardiovascular Diseases 2) Obesity - Type 2 diabetes 3) Too Much Alcohol - Liver Disease 4) Smoking - Lung Cancer 5) Exposure to Carcinogens - Cancer
58
Pathogens definition
Microorganisms that cause disease which spread between organisms.
59
How do vaccinations work?
1) Dead or inactive pathogens 2) White blood cells produce antibodies 3) If pathogens come back, body attacks with antibodies so you don’t get ill

Biology Paper 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions