Topic B3 - Reaction Pathways

Question 1

Alkene —> Haloalkane

Answer 1

Electrophilic addition
-room temperature
-hydrogen halide (e.g. HCl); H is the electrophile (electron pair acceptor)

Question 2

Alkene —> Alkane

Answer 2

Hydrogenation
-nickel catalyst
-423K
-hydrogen

Question 3

Alkene —> Alcohol

Answer 3

Hydration
-steam
-phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 4

Alcohol —> Alkene

Answer 4

Dehydration
-concentrated sulfuric acid
-heat under reflux

Question 5

Alcohol —> Haloalkane

Answer 5

Reflux
-sulfuric acid
-sodium halide (e.g. sodium chloride)

Question 6

Haloalkane —-> Alcohol

Answer 6

Nucleophilic substitution
-heat under reflux
-sodium hydroxide (aqueous)

Question 7

Alkane —> Haloalkane

Answer 7

Radical substitution
-UV light
-halogen (e.g. Cl2)

Question 8

Primary alcohol —> Carboxylic acid

Answer 8

Full Oxidation
-heat under reflux
-sulfuric acid
-excess potassium dichromate (oxidising agent)
-colour change: orange to green

Question 9

Primary alcohol —> Aldehyde

Answer 9

Partial Oxidation
-sulfuric acid
-potassium dichromate
-distil product immediately (prevents further oxidation)
-colour change: orange to green

Question 10

Secondary Alcohol —> Ketone

Answer 10

Oxidation
-heat under reflux
-sulfuric acid
-potassium dichromate
-colour change: orange to green