Topic D

Question 1

Cytoskeleton

Answer 1

enormous protein filaments

Question 2

Globular….

Answer 2

chains

Question 3

Fibrous…..

Answer 3

bundles

Question 4

Microtubules are made up of subunits of…

Answer 4

tubulin heterodimers

Question 5

Tubulin is a…(2)

Answer 5

heterodimer, globular

Question 6

Flowchart of how a microtubule is formed

Answer 6

alpha and beta polypeptide > tubulin heterodimer > protofilament > microtubule

Question 7

Tubulin polypeptides are made by ______ (same/different) genes

Answer 7

different

Question 8

Sequence identity

Answer 8

amount of characters that match exactly

Question 9

Tubulins add from ____ end and remove from ____

Answer 9

plus, plus

Question 10

Which side is the active end

Answer 10

plus

Question 11

MT are connected to

Answer 11

centrosomes

Question 12

Centrosomes

Answer 12

balls of protein with MT negative side attatched

Question 13

MT grow and shrink ____ of their neighbours

Answer 13

independently

Question 14

Proteins are regulated by …

Answer 14

GTP

Question 15

which proteins are regulated by GTP

Answer 15

RAN, adaptin, tubulin

Question 16

The beta form changes from the D from to the T form when and where

Answer 16

GDP becomes GTP by nucleotide replacement in the cytosol

Question 17

The alpha form changes from the D to T from

Answer 17

GTP remains GTP

Question 18

The beta form changes from the T form to D form when and where

Answer 18

GTP is hydrolysed to form GDP when part of a MT

Question 19

MT have rapid growth when

Answer 19

the end is GTP capped

Question 20

MT shrink rapidly when

Answer 20

GTP cap is randomly lost

Question 21

MT help resist

Answer 21

compression

Question 22

What do MT do in prophase

Answer 22

extend and contract to search for chromosomes

Question 23

when are MT stable

Answer 23

when they are connected to the kinetochore of a chromosome

Question 24

MT are stabilized by _____ proteins

Answer 24

TAU

Question 25

Actin is made up of

Answer 25

globular action to make actin filament

Question 26

Actin grow like a ____ , this means

Answer 26

treadmill, add from plus end while minus end is removed

Question 27

What complex anchors the minus end of actin

Answer 27

ARP complex

Question 28

Cross linking proteins in the cell cortex

Answer 28

Filamin

Question 29

bundling proteins in the microvilli

Answer 29

Villin

Question 30

Where are the plus and minus end of Intermediate filaments

Answer 30

there are none lol, they are either there or not there

Question 31

IF made with what and where (3 places)

Answer 31

- cytokeratin proteins in the cytoplasm - nuclear lamin proteins inside the nuclear envelope - extracellular keratin outside the cells

Question 32

Which resists compression

Answer 32

MT

Question 33

Which resist tension

Answer 33

F-actin and IF

Question 34

Which moves chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 34

MT

Question 35

Which divide cell during cytokinesis

Answer 35

MT and F-actin

Question 36

Taxol: source and mechanism

Answer 36

Fungus on Pacific Yew tree, inhibits MT tubulin so they cannot grow

Question 37

Consequence of Taxol

Answer 37

cells get stuck in Mitosis

Question 38

Significance of Taxol

Answer 38

used to treat cancers

Question 39

Colchine source and mechanism

Answer 39

autumn crocuses, stop MT from shrinking

Question 40

Significane of Colchine

Answer 40

a derivative, Colcemid, is used to prepare chromosomes

Question 41

Phallodin source and mechanism

Answer 41

death cap mushrooms, inhibits F and G actin

Question 42

Significance of Phallodin

Answer 42

used in fluorescent microscopy

Question 43

Acrylamide source and mechanism

Answer 43

synthetic, used in PAGE, causes IF to break

Question 44

Consequence and Significance of Acrylamide

Answer 44

sensory neurons are killed