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Topic Sheet for Exam Semester 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Define: Antibody

A

a protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigens

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1
Q

Define: Pathogen

A

a microorganism, another organism, a virus, or a protein that causes disease

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2
Q

Define: Mutagen

A

environmental factors that causes changes in DNA

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3
Q

Define: Noninfectious Diseases

A

a disease that cannot spread from one individual to another, caused by hereditary or environmental factors

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4
Q

Define: Nutient

A

a substance in food that provides energy or helps form body tissue and that is necessary for life and growth

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5
Q

Define: Obesity

A

the state of being 20% over your recommended body weight, having a significant amount of excess body fat stored

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6
Q

Define: Brain

A

the organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

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7
Q

Define: Tendons

A

a tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or to anther body part

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8
Q

Define: Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environmental when outside conditions change

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9
Q

Define: Virus

A

tiny particles that have their own genetic material but depend on living things to survive

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10
Q

Define: Cancer

A

a group of diseases in which cells divide at an uncontrollable rate

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11
Q

Define: Autoimmune Disease

A

a diseases in which the immune system attackes the body’s own cells

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12
Q

Define: Vaccine

A

a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to produce immunity

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13
Q

Define: Peristalsis

A

waves of muscles contractions that move the food into the stomach, through the esophagus

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14
Q

Define: Muscle

A

is the tissue that contracts and relaxes, making movement possible

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15
Q

Define: Aerobic Exercise

A

raises the heart and breathing rates increases level of oxygen in muscles, strengthens bones, muscles, heart, lungs, and immune system, burns calories

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16
Q

Define: Anaerobic Exercise

A

intense muscle activity for a short time, builds muscle mass and strength

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17
Q

Define: Nephrons

A

the unit in the kidney that filters blood

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18
Q

Define: Endocrine System

A

a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis

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19
Q

Define: Joint

A

a place where two or more bones meet

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20
Q

Define: Immunity

A

the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease

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21
Q

Define: Kidney

A

one of a pair of organs that remove waste from the blood

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22
Q

Define: Lymph

A

the fluid that leaks from the blood vessels contains white blood cells, returns to blood streams through lymph nodes

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23
Q

Define: Skeletal Muscle

A

attaches to bones, allows you to move, you can control this muscle

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24
Define: Anorexia Nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and an intense fear of gaining weight
25
Define: Enzymes
kills bacteria, breaks down protein
26
Define: Bulimia Nervosa
as characterized by binge eating and followed by induced vomiting
27
What is the function of the liver?
makes and releases a mixture called bile
28
What is the function of the Urinary System?
collects cellular waste and eliminates it from the body in the form of urine
29
What is the function of the Excretory System?
eliminates cellular wastes from the body through the lungs, skin, kidney, and digestive system
30
What is the function of the Nervous System?
controls the actions and reactions of the body
31
What is the function of the Male Reproductive System?
to produce sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive system
32
What is the function of the Skeletal System?
to support and protect the body, allows it to move, stores minerals, produces red blood cells
33
What is the function of the Tendons?
to connect muscles to bones
34
What is the function of the Bones?
see skeletal system, supports
35
What is the function of the Integumentary System?
acts as a barrier that protects the body from infection
36
What is the function of the T-cell?
coordinates the body's immune response
37
What is the function of the Digestive System?
breaks down the food you eat into nutrients your body can use for different function
38
What is the function of the Uterers?
tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder
39
What is the function of the Esophagus?
connects the pharynx to the stomach
40
What is the function of the Large Intestines?
removes water from the food, absorbs vitamins, turns food into semi-solid called feces
41
What is the function of the Small Intestines?
breaks down nutrients absorbed by blood stream, and used by body's cells
42
What is the function of the Circulatory System?
movs fluid through the body, protect you from disease
43
What is the function of the Alveoli?
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
44
What is the function of the Lymphatic System?
collects fluid that leaks from blood, returns it to blood vessels
45
What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?
transports blood throughout the body
46
What is the function of the Uterus?
carries a developing fetus, where eggs develop into baby
47
What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?
carries egg from the ovary to the uterus
48
What is the function of the Bone Marrow?
red: produces red and white blood cells, Yellow: stores fat
49
What is the function of the Cartilage?
allows bones to move slowly across each other
50
What is the function of the Tears?
wash out particles from the air that have entered the eyes
51
What is the function of the T-cells and B-cells?
work to kill invading viruses inside the body
52
What is the function of the Endocrine System digesting fruit?
raises blood sugar levels causing the pancreas to work
53
What is the function of the Cartilage at the Growth Plate?
makes new cells, turns into bone
54
What is the function of High White Blood Cell Count?
causes leukocytosis
55
What is the function of the Motor Neurons?
moves impulses from the brain and the spinal cord
56
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
secretes hormones that affect other glands
57
What is the function of the E. Coli?
pathogen that causes food poisoning
58
What is the function of the Carbohydrates?
simple- gives you quick energy | complex- gives you long lasting energy, others help different things
59
What is the function of the Fats?
source of energy, store energy
60
What is the function of the Proteins?
used to build, regultes, and repair you body, source of energy
61
What is the function of the Vitamins?
helps you carry out specific functions
62
What is the function of the Minerals?
required for nervous system functions, form important parts of many cells structures
63
What is the function of the Water?
needed for nearly all life process
64
What are the parts of the Respiratory System?
- nose - pharynx - larynx - trahcea - bronchioles - alveoli
65
What are the parts of the Female Reproductive System?
- Fallopian tube - uterus - vagina - ovary
66
What are the parts of the Nervous System?
- CNS | - PNS
67
What are the parts of the Skeletal System?
- bones - ligaments - cartilage
68
What are the parts of the Neuron?
- cell body - axon - dendrite - axon terminal
69
What are the parts of the CNS?
- brain | - spinal cord
70
What are the parts of the PNS?
- motor parts | - sensory parts
71
What are the parts of the Process for Fighting Viruses?
- macrophage - Helper T cells - B cells - Killer T cells
72
What are some examples of External Defenses?
- skin - hair - nails - sweat glands - oil glands
73
What are some examples of Internal Defenses?
- fever | - inflammation
74
What are some examples of Noninfectious Diseases?
- type 1 diabetes - Hempophilia - Cancer
75
What are some examples of Viral Diseases?
- cold - flu - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
76
What are some examples of Infectious Diseases?
- cold - flu - HIV - tuberculosis - strep throat - diarrheal illness - sinus infections - athlete's foot - ringworm - giardia lamblia - ascaris lumbricoides
77
What are some examples of Mutagens?
- xrays - cigarette smoke - some air pollution - UV rays
78
What are some examples of Sensory Receptors?
- eyes - skin - nose - ears - tongue
79
What are some examples of Fungal Diseases?
- athlete's foot | - ringworm
80
Define: Allergies
a person's immune system reacts to foreign antigens that are not dangerous to most people
81
Define: Cancer
a group of diseases in which cells divide at an uncontrollable rate
82
Define: Immune Deficiency
the immune system sometimes fails to develop properly or become weakened
83
Define: Auto-immune Disease
the body attacks its own cells
84
Define: Heart Attack
when an artery that supplies blood to the heart becomes blocked and the heart muscle tissue that depends on the blood supply does not get oxygen
85
Define: Immune Deficiency
the immune system sometimes fails to develop properly or becomes weakened
86
Define: Influenza
a disease caused by a family or viruses that can be passed through the air or from person to person
87
Define: Obesity
20% over your recommended body weight, excess body fat
88
Define: Viral Disease Chickenpox Twice
once you get it you can't get it again, produces memory cells
89
Define: Bacterial Diseases
must bacteria beneficial to life, some cause disease, strep throat, diarrheal illness, sinus infections
90
Define: Asthma
conditions in which airways are narrow due to inflammation of the bronchi
91
Define: Pneumonia
an inflammation of the lungs that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses
92
Define: Tuberculosis
a long diseases, weakens lungs and body
93
Antibiotics treat........
bacteria, other microorganism, fungi

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