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Science > Unit 2 Test 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The Esophagus-

A

a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

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1
Q

Define the Digestive System-

A

the organs that break down food so it can be used by the body

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2
Q

The Stomach-

A

a saclike, digestive organ that is between the esophagus and the small intestines and that breaks down food by actions of muscles, enzymes, and acids

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3
Q

The Small Intestines-

A

the organ between the stomach and the large intestines where most of the breaking down of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

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4
Q

The Large Intestines-

A

The broader and smaller portion of the intestines, where water is removed from mostly digestive food to turn the waste into semisolid feces, or stool

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5
Q

The Pancreas-

A

the organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulates sugar levels

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6
Q

The liver-

A

the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugar, as glycogen

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7
Q

The excretory system-

A

the system that collects and excretes nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body in the form of urine

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8
Q

The kidney-

A

one of the organs that filter water and wastes from the blood, excrete products as urine, and regulate the concentration of certain substances in the blood

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9
Q

The Nephrons-

A

the unit in the kidney that filters blood

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10
Q

Urine-

A

the liquid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and passed through the urethra to the outside of the body

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11
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed

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12
Q

The Nervous System-

A

organ system that is made of the structures that control the reactions and actions of the body

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13
Q

The brain-

A

The body’s/nervous system’s central command organ

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14
Q

The spinal cord-

A

a column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column

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15
Q

The Neuron-

A

a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses

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16
Q

The dendrite-

A

branchlike extension of the neuron that that receives impulses from neighboring neurons

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17
Q

The axon-

A

an elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell

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18
Q

Endocrine System-

A

A collection of glands and group of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and adrenal glands, the hypothalamus, the pineal body and other glands

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19
Q

Hormone-

A

a substance that is made in one cell or tissue and that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body

20
Q

Gland-

A

a group of cells that make chemicals for use elsewhere in the body

21
Q

Sperm-

A

the male sex cell

22
Q

Testes

A

the primary male reproductive organs, which produce sperm cells and testosterone

23
Q

Penis

A

the male organ that transfers sperm to the female reproductive system and that carries urine out of the body

24
Q

Egg

A

a sex cell produced by a female

25
Q

Ovary

A

in the female reproductive system of animals, an organ that produces eggs

26
Q

Uterus

A

in the female placental mammals the hollow, muscular organ in which an embryo embeds and develops into a fetus

27
Q

Vagina

A

the female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus

28
Q

Embryo-

A

in humans, a developing individual from first division after fertilization through the tenth week of pregnancy

29
Q

Placenta-

A

The partly fetal and partly maternal organ by which materials are exchanged between a fetus and the mother

30
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

the rope-like structure through which blood vessels pass and by which a developing fetus or embryo gets the nutrients that it needs

31
Q

Fetus-

A

a developing human from the end of the 10th week of pregnancy until birth

32
Q

What function is carried out by your saliva?

A

It is chemically digesting the food.

33
Q

What is the main functions of the excretory system?

A

To remove waste from the body

34
Q

What is the interactions between the digestive system and the resiratroy?

A

To use the energy in food broken down by digestive system, the body needs oxygen obtained by the respiratory system

35
Q

Which structure filters wastes from the blood and regulates the amount of water in the body to maintain homeostasis?

A

The kidneys

36
Q

What organs are used to digest food? Put them in order.

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. stomach
  3. small intestine
  4. large intestine
37
Q

What type of neurons sent impulses to your muscles?

A

Motor

38
Q

What endocrine system disorder that could cause blood glucose levels to be higher than these levels at all times?

A

Diabetes

39
Q

Which sense provides her brain with this information?

A

Touch

40
Q

How would the endocrine system respond after a person digests a piece of fruit?

A

It would release more of the hormone that helps cells take glucose out of the body.

41
Q

What is the role of the nervous system?

A

to gather and respond to information

42
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Where you think and problem solve

43
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

keeps track of body positionc

44
Q

What is the function of the brain to the spinal cord?

A

Connects the brain to the spinal cord

45
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The PNS contains sensory and motor nerves. Sensory nerves get impulses to muscle. Motor nerves get information form the environment.

46
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

The CNS is made up of the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is like the command center of the body. The spinal cord allows the brain to communicate with the rest of the body.

47
Q

How are hormone levels controlled?

A

Hormone levels are controlled by the feedback mechanism which is a cycle of events in which information from one step controls or affects a previous step.

Science (4 decks)

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