Topic10: Using Resources

Question 1

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Question 2

The salt must be completely dry.
Which two extra steps are needed to show that the salt is completely dry?

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This question is about fuels and energy.
The graph below shows the percentage of electricity generated in the UK
between 2007 and 2017 using:
• oil
• solar energy
3

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Question 11

This question is about copper and alloys of copper.
Solders are alloys used to join metals together.
Some solders contain copper.
The table below shows information about three solders, A, B and C.

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Question 12

Suggest one reason why solders B and C have different melting points.
Use the table above.

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Question 19

Suggest one reason why the total mass of processed solid sewage sludge
increased between 1992 and 2010.

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Question 20

Suggest one reason why the total mass of processed solid sewage sludge
increased between 1992 and 2010.

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Question 21

This question is about drinking water.
There are two main steps in producing drinking water from fresh water.
(a) Draw one line from each step to the reason for the step.

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Question 23

A large amount of aluminium sulfate was accidentally added to the drinking water
supply at a water treatment works.
(c) Scientists tested a sample of the drinking water to show that it contained
dissolved solids.
Which two methods show the presence of dissolved solids in the sample of
drinking water?
Tick (✓) two boxes.

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Distillation

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Oxygen

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To sterilise the water

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0.05

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Question 44

Copper ores are quarried by digging large holes in the ground, as shown in Figure 1. 2

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Question 45

Some copper ores contain only 2% copper. Most of the ore is rock that is not needed. In one ore, the main compound is copper carbonate (CuCO3). Figure 2 shows the stages used in the extraction of copper from this ore.

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Question 47

Suggest one reason why it is important for the company to calculate the mass of reactants in Stage 3.

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Question 55

After a few years the kettle no longer worked. • Some parts of the kettle are made of plastic. • Some parts of the kettle are made of stainless steel. • The owner of the kettle disposed of it in a landfill site. Consider these statements. Suggest three reasons why the kettle should not be disposed of in a landfill site. 3

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Question 56

The tablet containers could be disposed of in a landfill site or could be recycled. (i) Suggest two reasons why disposing of the tablet containers in a landfill site could cause problems. 2

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yes any two from: • because plastic does not biodegrade or running out of space for landfills or land cannot be used for a long time no • burning plastic produces carbon dioxide / carbon emissions / toxic gases

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Question 64

What type of polymer is polymer A? Use the table above. 1

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Question 65

Why does polymer A behave differently to polymer B when heated? You should refer to crosslinks in your answer

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A contains crosslinks

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Question 67

Evaluate the use of these materials for making food plates. You should use features of life cycle assessments (LCAs). Use the table above. 6

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• copper ores will run out allow copper ores scarce • landfill sites running out allow reduces waste • less energy used allow produces less carbon dioxide or an implication e.g. global warming • mining causes pollution allow a specific pollution resulting from mining, e.g. noise, eyesore, damage to environment • copper from copper ore more expensive allow recycled copper is cheaper

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Question 89

Suggest one advantage of using HDPE compared with poly(chloroethene) to make window frames. Give one reason for your answer. Use Table 1.

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Question 109

Brass contains layers of atoms which can slide over each other. Explain why red brass is softer than yellow brass. Use the table above and your own knowledge.

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Question 113

Ammonium sulfate is a compound in fertilisers. Ammonium sulfate can be made using an industrial process or in the laboratory. In the industrial process, the following steps are used. 1. React streams of ammonia solution and sulfuric acid together. 2. Evaporate the water by passing the solution down a warm column. 3. Collect dry crystals continuously at the bottom of the column. In the laboratory, the following steps are used. 1. React ammonia solution and sulfuric acid in a conical flask. 2. Evaporate water from the solution until crystals start to form. 3. Leave to cool and crystallise further. 4. Separate the crystals using filtration. 5. Dry the crystals between pieces of filter paper

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Question 118

Most of the ammonia produced is used to make fertilisers. (e) Why did the world production of ammonia change between 1950 and 2010? Tick () two boxes.

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Question 119

Which fertiliser is not made using ammonia? Use the table above.

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D Ammonia is NH3

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Question 121

This question is about reversible reactions and equilibrium. Hydrogen is used to produce ammonia in the Haber process. The hydrogen is made in two stages. Stage 1 is the reaction of methane and steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The equation for the reaction is: CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3 H2(g)

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Question 122

Stage 2 uses the carbon monoxide produced in stage 1. The carbon monoxide is reacted with more steam to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)

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Question 127

The diagram below shows how nitrogen is used in the Haber Process to produce ammonia. Gas X in the diagram above is obtained from methane. Name gas X

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Hydrogen

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The diagram below shows how nitrogen is used in the Haber Process to produce ammonia. Give the approximate temperature and pressure used in the reactor. Temperature ____________________ Pressure _______________________

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Question 129

The mixture of gases from the reactor cools in the condenser. Suggest why ammonia condenses but the other gases do not.

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Question 132

Suggest how ammonia is separated from the other gases.

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