Topics Flashcards
(140 cards)
What is hyposthenuria and what disease is it associated with? Pts. have _____ urine frequency, ____ urine specific gravity, ______ serum sodium
inability for kidneys to concentrate urine, sickle cell disease/trait
-increased, dec, normal
In central insipidus diabetes, serum sodium is ______
elevated b/c not releasing ADH to take in water
In primary polydipsia, serum sodium is typically _____
low from excessive fluid intake
pts with persistent narrow complex tachycardia (also known as ______) should be tx with?
supra ventricular tachycardia, synchronized cardio version
work up of aortic stenosis
ECG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiogram, stress test (contraindicated in sever symptomatic AS)
treat AFib w/ WPW with that
procainamide
tilt table test is for what?
vasovagal syncope without structural heart disease
which three groups are more likely to have atypical sx with acute coronary syndrome and what are the sx?
women, elderly, people with diabetes
- from most com to least com
- chest pain, dyspnea, n/v, epigastric pain
isolated systolic HTN is caused by ______ stiffness or _____ elasticity of the arterial wall
increased, decreased
How should digoxin dose be changed when initiating amiodarone? How does acute digoxin toxicity look?
dose should be decreased by 25-50%
-n/v, anorexia, abdominal pain, vision changes
what is first line med for essential tremor
beta blockers (propanolol) -functional type tremor when doing tasks
baroreceptor sensitivity _____ with age
dec
initial tx for aortic dissection
beta blockers
sudden development of ischemic sx in one leg in a previously asymptomatic patient is most consistent with arterial ______
emboli,
long standing would be thrombus as PVD is gradual and both extremities would be affected
What are 3 causes of arterial emboli
AFib (left arterial thrombus), left ventricular thrombus following an anterior MI, septic emboli from infective endocarditis
_________ toxicity can happen when people get prolonged infusions of nitrates, esp with renal disease
cyanide
-AMS, seizures, coma, lactic acidosis
what is hypertensive encephalopathy characterized by?
marked INC in BP w/ signs of cerebral edema (HA, n/v, restlessness, confusion, agitation, seizures, coma)
How does aortic stenosis affect S2?
softer as that’s when the aortic valve closes
What arrhythmia is most specific for digoxin toxicity?
atrial tachycardia with AV block
what 2 classes of medications can help with inc appetite in cancer related anorexia/ cachexia syndrome?
progesterone analogues and corticosteroids
_________ can reduce the risk of febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction
leukoreduction (dec the number of transfused leukocytes through filtering, saline washing, freezing
_______ presents with “soap bubble” appearance on X-ray (eccentric lytic lesions on epiphysis of distal femur)
giant cell tumor
treat epidural spinal cord compression with
IV glucocorticoids
What imaging to identify cause of SVC syndrome (face AND arm swelling). What’s most common cause of obstruction?
CXR, malignancy
-if was JUST ARM swelling, could consider DVT