Topics I need to improve on or weak topics

Question 1

Who realised that electrons orbit in shells and were specific distances away?

Answer 1

Neil Bohr

Question 2

What is the plum pudding model?

Answer 2

that the middle of an atom is positive and surrounded by negative charge

Question 3

What conclusions did Rutherford draw from his alpha scattering experiment?

Answer 3

That an atom is mainly open space as most alpha particles passed straight through, centeral mass as some rebounded back, the nucleus is positive as some of the alpha particles (positive ions) were deflected in its path

Question 4

Who first discovered electrons?

Answer 4

JJ Thompson

Question 5

Who first said that everything is made up of particles called atoms?

Answer 5

John Dalton

Question 6

What was fired at very thin gold
foil, which led to the nuclear
model of the atom?

Answer 6

Helium nuclei (alpha
particles).
These are positive ions.

Question 7

What is the formula for propene?

Answer 7

C3H6

Question 8

Do thermosetting or thermosoftening polymers melt when heated?

Answer 8

thermosoftening

Question 9

What non metal makes up steel?

Answer 9

carbon

Question 10

What two metal are in brass

Answer 10

copper and zinc

Question 11

what two metals are in bronze

Answer 11

copper and tin

Question 12

How to prevent corrosion

Answer 12

greasing, painting, electroplating, galvarising

Question 13

How can we reduce use of worlds resources

Answer 13

reuse and recycle

Question 14

What does LCA stand for

Answer 14

life cycle assesment

Question 15

4 stages of process of sewage treatment

Answer 15

1. screening 2. sedimentation 3.anaerbobic digestion of sludge 4. aerobic treatment

Question 16

why is potable water not necassarily pure water?

Answer 16

contains dissolved substances

Question 17

name a sterilising agent for sterilising potable water

Answer 17

chlorine, ozone, UV light

Question 18

What pollutant causes acid rain?

Answer 18

sulfuric/nitric acid

Question 19

What two things reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the earths early atmosphere?

Answer 19

photosynthisis, formation o sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels

Question 20

What happens to the reactivity of elements in the halogens as they get further down?

Answer 20

The reactivity decreases

Question 21

What state is flourine at room temp

Answer 21

gas

Question 22

What state is bromine at room temp

Answer 22

liquid

Question 23

What state is iodine at room temp

Answer 23

solid

Question 24

Why are group 1 called alkali metals

Answer 24

Because they react with water to form alkalis

Question 25

why do ions with a 1+ charge and a -1 charge form a bond

Answer 25

electrostatic attraction between oppisitely charged ions

Question 26

define giant ionic lattice

Answer 26

a 3d network of ions

Question 27

why do ionic substances conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water

Answer 27

ions are free to move

Question 28

define an aqueous soloution

Answer 28

something dissolved in water

Question 29

What is the 3 main acids

Answer 29

hydrochloric nitric and sulfuric

Question 30

What is the formula for sulfuric acid

Answer 30

HSO

Question 31

What is the formula for nitric acid

Answer 31

HNO

Question 32

What ions does HCl form in a solution

Answer 32

H and Cl

Question 33

What ions does HSO form in a solution

Answer 33

H2 and SO2

Question 34

What ions does HNO form in a solution

Answer 34

H and NO

Question 35

How to measure pH

Answer 35

indicator or a pH probe

Question 36

What is a base

Answer 36

a metal oxide hydroxide or carbonate that reacts with an acid

Question 37

what is a salt

Answer 37

a compound when some or all of the hydrogen is replaced by a metal

Question 38

what are the products of a metal oxide and an acid

Answer 38

salt and water

Question 39

products of metal carbonate and an acid

Answer 39

salt and water and carbon dioxide

Question 40

How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity

Answer 40

add the metals to water or acid see which ones react the most on how much fizzing there is for example

Question 41

Why can gold and silver be found naturally in the earths crust

Answer 41

its very unreactive

Question 42

Define an ore

Answer 42

a material containing enough metal for it to be worthwhile to extract the metal from it

Question 43

for the extraction of metals when is electrolysis needed

Answer 43

when the metal is more reactive than carbon

Question 44

Why is aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite when extracting aluminium?

Answer 44

to lower the melting point

Question 45

Why does the anode need to be replaced in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide

Answer 45

because the oxygen reacts with the carbon to produce co2

Question 46

What is produced at the cathode in electrolysis of solutions

Answer 46

the metal is produced at the cathode if it is less reactive than hydrogen

Question 47

What is produced at the anode in electrolysis of solutions

Answer 47

either a halogen or oxygen if halogen is not present

Question 48

Give two examples of endothermic | reactions.

Answer 48

Thermal decomposition reactions, citric acid and | sodium hydrogencarbonate.

Question 49

State two uses of exothermic reactions

Answer 49

hand warmers and self heating cans

Question 50

State two uses of endothermic reactions

Answer 50

sports injury cool pack

Question 51

What is a reaction profile?

Answer 51

A diagram to see wether the reactants in a reaction have more or less energy than the products

Question 52

Is breaking bonds endothermic or | exothermic?

Answer 52

endothermic because energy is needed as bonds are strong

Question 53

How do we work out the overall energy | change of a reaction?

Answer 53

difference between energy needed to break all the bonds of the reactants and energy released to form all the bonds in the products