Topik 7

Question 1

Function of urinary system

Answer 1

Waste toxins, drugs
Regulate homeostasis of water balance, electrolytes, rbc production

Question 2

Organs of urinary system

Answer 2

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 3

Location of kidneys

Answer 3

Against dorsal body wall
Top kidney is an adrenal gland

Question 4

3 regions of kidney

Answer 4

Renal cortex - outer
Renal medulla- inside
Renal pelvis - inner collecting tube

Question 5

Kidney structures

Answer 5

Medullary pyramids
Renal columns
Calyces

Question 6

What is nephrons

Answer 6

The structural and functional units of kidneys
Responsible forming urine

Question 7

2 main structures of the nephrons

Answer 7

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

Question 8

Explain about glomerulus

Answer 8

A specialized capillary bed
Attached to the arterioles on both sides
*Afferent arteriole
*Efferent arteriole

Question 9

Explain about renal tubule

Answer 9

Glomerular capsule (bowman’s)
Loop of Henle

Question 10

2 types of Nephrons

Answer 10

Cortical nephrons - located in cortex
Juxtamedullary nephrons - located at boundary of cortex and medulla

Question 11

What is peritubular capillaries

Answer 11

Arise from afferent arteriole
Attached to venule
Reabsorb some substances from collecting tube

Question 12

3 type urin formation process

Answer 12

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

Question 13

Explain about filtration

Answer 13

Nonselective passive process
Water and solutes smaller than protein
Blood cells cannot pass out to capillaries
Collected at glomerular and leaves via renal tubule

Question 14

Explain about reabsorption

Answer 14

Material; some water, glucose, amino acids, ions
Some is passive, most is active

Question 15

What is material that not reabsorption

Answer 15

Urea,uric acid, excess water, creatinine

Question 16

Explain about secretion

Answer 16

Some move from glomerular to renal tubule
*Hydrogen/potassium ions
*Creatinine
Some from renal tubule move to ureter

Question 17

Characteristics urine use for medical

Answer 17

Colored yellow (pigment urochrome)
Normal pH:6
95 water 5 waste products

Question 18

Explain about ureters

Answer 18

Slender tubes attached to the kidney
Behind peritoneum

Question 19

Explain about urinary bladder

Answer 19

Smooth, muscular sac
Stores urine
Trigone- 3 opening

Question 20

Explain about urinary bladder wall

Answer 20

Three layer of smooth muscle (detrusor muscle)
Wall are thick and folded

Question 21

Explain about Urethra

Answer 21

Thin walls tibe that carry urine from bladder to outside of body by peristalsis

Release of urine controlled by 2 sphincter
- internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
- external urethral sphincter (voluntary)

Question 22

Urethra of male

Answer 22

Long
Length 18-20 cm
Function; urination/ejaculation of semen
Location; through prostate and penis

Question 23

Urethra of female

Answer 23

Short
Length 3-4 cm
Function; urination
Location; along vagina

Question 24

What is micturition

Answer 24

Micturition/urination is process of expelling urine from bladder
Also known as voiding of bladder
Regulate by nervous and muscle of bladder and urethra
Can store around 350-400 ml

Question 25

2 types of micturition

Answer 25

Filling phase Voiding phase

Question 26

Explain filling stages

Answer 26

-The urine is transported from kidneys via ureters to bladder -The opening of ureter not control by any sphincter or muscle -Oblique nature of opening prevent urine from re-entering ureters -The main muscle of urinary bladder, detrusor muscle is relax so its allow bladder to accommodate more urine

Question 27

Explain voiding stage

Answer 27

-Both urinary bladder and urethra work together -Detrusor muscle contract once bladder storage capacity is reached - urethra controlled by 2 muscle, internal and external urethral sphincter -Internal sphincter is smooth muscle, while external is skeletal muscle -both sphincter contract during filling stage

Question 28

Water balance

Answer 28

Young adult females- 50 Young adult males- 60 Babies- 75 Old age- 45

Question 29

Development aspect of urinary system

Answer 29

Functional kidneys are develop by 3 month Urinary system of newborn; bladder is small, urine cannot be concentrate Control of voluntary urethral sphincter does not start until 18 month

Question 30

Aging and urinary system

Answer 30

The bladder shrink (kendur) Urinary retention is common in males