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Basic Physio > Topik 7 > Flashcards

Topik 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of urinary system

A

Waste toxins, drugs
Regulate homeostasis of water balance, electrolytes, rbc production

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2
Q

Organs of urinary system

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

Location of kidneys

A

Against dorsal body wall
Top kidney is an adrenal gland

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4
Q

3 regions of kidney

A

Renal cortex - outer
Renal medulla- inside
Renal pelvis - inner collecting tube

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5
Q

Kidney structures

A

Medullary pyramids
Renal columns
Calyces

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6
Q

What is nephrons

A

The structural and functional units of kidneys
Responsible forming urine

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7
Q

2 main structures of the nephrons

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

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8
Q

Explain about glomerulus

A

A specialized capillary bed
Attached to the arterioles on both sides
*Afferent arteriole
*Efferent arteriole

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9
Q

Explain about renal tubule

A

Glomerular capsule (bowman’s)
Loop of Henle

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10
Q

2 types of Nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons - located in cortex
Juxtamedullary nephrons - located at boundary of cortex and medulla

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11
Q

What is peritubular capillaries

A

Arise from afferent arteriole
Attached to venule
Reabsorb some substances from collecting tube

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12
Q

3 type urin formation process

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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13
Q

Explain about filtration

A

Nonselective passive process
Water and solutes smaller than protein
Blood cells cannot pass out to capillaries
Collected at glomerular and leaves via renal tubule

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14
Q

Explain about reabsorption

A

Material; some water, glucose, amino acids, ions
Some is passive, most is active

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15
Q

What is material that not reabsorption

A

Urea,uric acid, excess water, creatinine

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16
Q

Explain about secretion

A

Some move from glomerular to renal tubule
*Hydrogen/potassium ions
*Creatinine
Some from renal tubule move to ureter

17
Q

Characteristics urine use for medical

A

Colored yellow (pigment urochrome)
Normal pH:6
95 water 5 waste products

18
Q

Explain about ureters

A

Slender tubes attached to the kidney
Behind peritoneum

19
Q

Explain about urinary bladder

A

Smooth, muscular sac
Stores urine
Trigone- 3 opening

20
Q

Explain about urinary bladder wall

A

Three layer of smooth muscle (detrusor muscle)
Wall are thick and folded

21
Q

Explain about Urethra

A

Thin walls tibe that carry urine from bladder to outside of body by peristalsis

Release of urine controlled by 2 sphincter
- internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
- external urethral sphincter (voluntary)

22
Q

Urethra of male

A

Long
Length 18-20 cm
Function; urination/ejaculation of semen
Location; through prostate and penis

23
Q

Urethra of female

A

Short
Length 3-4 cm
Function; urination
Location; along vagina

24
Q

What is micturition

A

Micturition/urination is process of expelling urine from bladder
Also known as voiding of bladder
Regulate by nervous and muscle of bladder and urethra
Can store around 350-400 ml

25
Q

2 types of micturition

A

Filling phase
Voiding phase

26
Q

Explain filling stages

A

-The urine is transported from kidneys via ureters to bladder

-The opening of ureter not control by any sphincter or muscle

-Oblique nature of opening prevent urine from re-entering ureters

-The main muscle of urinary bladder, detrusor muscle is relax so its allow bladder to accommodate more urine

27
Q

Explain voiding stage

A

-Both urinary bladder and urethra work together

-Detrusor muscle contract once bladder storage capacity is reached

  • urethra controlled by 2 muscle, internal and external urethral sphincter

-Internal sphincter is smooth muscle, while external is skeletal muscle

-both sphincter contract during filling stage

28
Q

Water balance

A

Young adult females- 50
Young adult males- 60
Babies- 75
Old age- 45

29
Q

Development aspect of urinary system

A

Functional kidneys are develop by 3 month

Urinary system of newborn; bladder is small, urine cannot be concentrate

Control of voluntary urethral sphincter does not start until 18 month

30
Q

Aging and urinary system

A

The bladder shrink (kendur)
Urinary retention is common in males

Basic Physio (9 decks)

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