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USMLE Reviewers > Toronto Notes > Flashcards

Toronto Notes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Periorbital ecchymosis

A

Raccoon eyes

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1
Q

Mastoid ecchymosis

A

Battle sign

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2
Q

Smelling ammonia is a function of which nerve

A

CN V

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3
Q

In MOCA testing, what score is considered normal?

A

> or = 26

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4
Q

CN III deficit with pupil sparing usually points to what usual cause

A

Usually vascular like diabetic ophthalmoplegia

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5
Q

If a patient presents with CN III deficit with pupil involvement, think

A

Compressive lesions

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6
Q

When the left sternocleidomastoid contracts, the head moves to the

A

Right

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7
Q

Tongue deviates to which side in an lmn lesion?

A

Weaker side

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8
Q

Normal plantar (babinski) reflex

A

Downgoing

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9
Q

How do you do Hoffman reflex?

A

Finger flexor reflex: tap the nail of the third or fourth phalanx. A positive test (flexion of the terminal joint of the thumb) indicates an UMN lesion in the upper limb.

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10
Q

Optic nerve tests

A

Acuity, fields, pupil, fundoscopy

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11
Q

CN III supplies

A 
Levator palpebrae superioris
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique efferent limb of pupillary light response
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12
Q

Afferent arm of the corneal reflex is innervated by

A

CN V

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13
Q

Innervation of CN VII

A 
Muscles of facial expression
Hyperacusis (stapedius)
Efferent corneal reflex
Taste anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Salivary and lacrimal glands
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14
Q

Tests for CN VIII

A

Nystagmus, caloric reflexes
Gross hearing
Rinne
Weber

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15
Q

Tests for CN IX and X

A

Palatal elevation, gag reflex, vocal cord function, swallowing, post 1/3 of tongue taste

16
Q

Compnents of the motor exam

A

Bulk
Abnormal movements (tremors, choreA, hemiballismus etc.)
Posturing
Tone
Strength
Pronator drift (UMN lesions unable to maintain extension and supination)
Reflexes (DTRs, abdominal reflexes, primituve reflexes, Babinski, Hoffman, clonus)

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