Toscana Flashcards
1
Q
What is Chianti Storica?
A
The historic zone of Chianti
2
Q
What grapes are used in Carmignano DOCG?
A
Min. 50% Sangiovese and 10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc
3
Q
What does the disciplinare require in terms of fruit yield in the Chianti Classico?
A
One of Italy’s lowest max yields per hectare per vine
4
Q
What must all Chianti Classico bottles have printed on them?
A
The Gallo Nero symbol
5
Q
What is the coastal region of Toscana called?
A
Maremma
6
Q
Who is considered to have resuscitated the wines of Camignano?
A
Count Ugo Contini Bonacossi
7
Q
What is considered to be Toscana’s most important dry white wine?
A
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
8
Q
What is the climate of Chianti Classico?
A
Continental climate with moderate Mediterranean influences
9
Q
Until the 17th and 18th centuries what grape were the wines of Chianti believed to have been made from?
A
Canaiolo
10
Q
What are the 3 areas of Maremma?
A
Alta Maremma, Maremma Grossetana and Maremma Laziale
11
Q
What requirements are there for Chianti Classico (Annata) DOCG?
A
Min 12% abv and released October 1st the year following harvest
12
Q
What subzone of Chianti DOCG is one of the smallest and mildest due to its proximity to the Tyrrhenian Sea?
A
Colline Pisane
13
Q
What is the blending requirement for Vino Nobile di Montalcino?
A
Min 70% Sangiovese locally called Prugnolo Gentile
14
Q
What grapes does Cortona DOC concentrate?
A
Syrah, Sangiovese and Merlot. Syrah in particular accounts for more than half of production.
15
Q
The Latin word ‘vernaculars’ which means ‘indigenous’ or ‘native’ relates to which Tuscan white grape?
A
Venaccia di San Gimignano
16
Q
Can Vin Santos be dry?
A
Yes
17
Q
What is the official historic symbol of the League of Chianti?
A
Gallo Nero (black rooster)
18
Q
What’s the name of the road from France to Rome?
A
Via Franciagena
19
Q
What Tuscan red grape is related to Moscato Bianco?
A
Aleatico
20
Q
What 3 rivers traverse Chianti Classico and what major tributaries do they flow into?
A
Pesa - Arno
Greve - Arno
Arbia - Ombrone River
21
Q
What blending requirements exist for Chianti Classico now?
A
Min 80% Sangiovese with max 20% of aux grapes. Most commonly Canaiolo and Colorino and Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. Most users are 90%+ Sangiovese
22
Q
What delimited Chianti Classico to the east?
A
Monti del Chianti
23
Q
What was the first Italian wine to receive DOC status (1966)?
A
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC(G)
24
Q
How large (distance north to south) is the Chianti Classico area?
A
40km
25
What is the ‘second’ wine of Carmignano?
Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC
26
What subzone of Chianti DOCG overlaps with most of Carmignano DOCG?
Montalbano
27
What grapes are synonymous with Bolgheri DOC?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc
28
What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Scansano?
Morellino
29
Does the Chianti Classico region have high or low diurnal variations?
High variation in temp
30
What Toscana appellation is one of the oldest official wine appellations in the world?
Chianti
31
What wine has the longest ageing requirements of any in Italy and what are they?
Brunello di Montalcino (min 4 years, 2 in oak and 4m in bottle)
32
What is Trebbiana Toscana known as in France?
Ugni Blanc
33
What DOC is renowned for Sassicaia?
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
34
What is the climate of Montalcino?
Mediterranean
35
What grape is grown around the town of San Gimignano?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
36
What is the most widely planted grape in Toscana?
Sangiovese
37
What town in Toscana is a UNESCO site with a unique ‘skyline’?
San Gimignano
38
Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG are in what Tuscan region?
Southern Tuscan Maremma
39
What are the storage rooms/lofts that Vin Santo are stored in called?
Vinsantaia
40
What is Toscana’s most widely planted white grape?
Trebbiano Toscana
41
What delimits Chianti Classico to the west?
Elsa Valley
42
Castello
Castle
43
In 1872 what did Baron Bettino Ricasoli write in a famous letter?
The formula for Chianti - 70% Sangiovese, 15% Canaiolo Nero and 15% Malvasia
44
What does the term ‘governo all’uso Toscano’ indicate on a label?
A small proportion of grapes are dessicated and used to start a second fermentation - it also starts malolactic fermentation. It adds body
45
What are the requirements for Chianti Classico Gran Riserva?
Min 13% abv and min 30m ageing with 3m in bottle (and subject to lab tests and tasting commission)
46
Which red grape from Toscana’s name means ‘small cherry’?
Ciliegiolo
47
What local Italian dialect is the Italian language based upon?
Florentine
48
Poggio
Knoll
49
What is a Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC rosato known as?
Vin Ruspo
50
Where does the term ‘ruspo’ derive?
Ruspare a word in the local dialect to mean ‘draw off’ - in the days of mezzadria the framers draw off one or two demijohns of fresh must before delivering the balance to the landowner
51
Who is unanimously considered one of the founders of the Italian wine renaissance behind iconic wines such as Sassicaia and Antinori’s Tiganello and Solaia?
Giacomo Tachis
52
What river separates Montalcino and Montecucco DOC?
Orcia River
53
What was historically considered the principal red grape of Toscana?
Canaiolo (canaiolo nero)
54
What Chianti sub zone overlaps Carmignano?
Montalbano
55
Who first experimented with Sangiovese for making Chianti and where?
Baron Bettino Ricasoli, at Castello do Brolio
56
What style of wine is Morellino di Scansano?
Friendly, fruit forward red wine
57
What is a ‘second’ wine of Brunello do Montalcino?
Rosso di Montalcino
58
What Toscana grape’s name means ‘little coloured one’?
Colorino (Colorino del Valdarno)
59
What is a more youthful and cheaper version of Brunello di Montalcino?
Rosso di Montalcino
60
What were the Super Tuscans originally classified as?
Vino da Tavola
61
What is the best known appellation on the island of Elba and what style of wine is it?
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG - a sweet red passito
62
What are the 2 main rivers in Toscana?
Arno (north) and Ombrone (south)
63
What is the best known wine in Southern Maremma?
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
64
What percentage of Toscana’s wine is red?
90%
65
From what is the word Sassicaia derived?
The word ‘sassi’ (stones) and is used to indicate a stony site
66
What is the most southerly and largest subzone of Chianti DOCG (and one of the most dynamic)?
Colli Senesi
67
What grapes are used in Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG and in what Tuscan region is it located?
Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon, located in Maremma
68
What white grape provides body and perfume for Vin Santo wines?
Malvasia Bianca Lunga
69
What are the barrels that Vin Santo is fermented in called?
Caratelli (caratello, singular)
70
Podere
Farm
71
A rare pink Vin Santo?
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (partridge eye)
72
What are the official sub zones of Montalcino?
There aren’t any
73
What is the blending requirement for Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC?
Min 60% Trebbiano and/or Malvasia
74
Which is the most recent subzone of Chianti DOCG (created in 1997)?
Montespertoli
75
What red grape variety is considered the main blending partner for Sangiovese based wines?
Canaiolo
76
What levels of sweetness can Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC be?
Dry (secco), medium-dry (abboccato) and medium-sweet (amabile)
77
What change to viticulture in Toscana is Clemente Santi credited with?
Moving to monoculture from Coltivazione promiscua
78
What person is synonymous with Bolgheri?
Marchese Mario Incisa dell a Rochetta
79
What was Chianti Classico traditionally aged in?
Large Slavonian oak Botti
80
What has Chianti Classico more commonly been aged in after the 1980’s?
Small French oak barrels
81
In what year did Cosimo III de’Medici announce the ‘Bando’?
1716
82
What is the smallest but most prestigious subzone of Chianti DOCG?
Rùfina
83
What 3 areas were zoned as special in the 1716 bando?
Chianti
Pomino
Carmignano
Val d’Arno di Sopra
84
What is Sangiovese called in Montepulciano?
Prugnolo Gentile
85
What were wines called which were made in the manner of Chianti Storico?
Vino all’uso di Chianti
86
Who is credited with having planted Cabernet grapes in Carmignano?
Caterina de Medici
87
Which subzone of Chianti DOCG has a different blending requirement to the others?
Colli Senesi (min 75% Sangiovese). White grapes no longer allowed
88
Where did Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta move from and to?
Piemonte to Bolgheri - Tenuta San Guido
89
What group of wines are associated with Chianti Classico?
Super Tuscans
90
What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Chianti Classico?
Sangioveto
91
What is the best wine DOC in Carmignano called?
Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC
92
Vin Santo is made from which two grapes?
Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianca Lunga
93
What sets Carmignano apart from other Tuscan appellations?
Traditional use of Cabernet grapes (Sauvignon and Franc)
94
Who is considered the father of Sangiovese-based wines?
Giulia Gambelli
95
Which subzone of Chianti DOCG has one of the most long-standing winemaking traditions?
Colli Fiorentini
96
Who issued an edict officially delimiting the Chianti zone of production in 1716?
Grand Duke of Toscana, Cosmo III de Medici
97
What regions share Maremma?
Lazio and Toscana
98
What is Sangiovese a cross between?
Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo
99
What relationship does Brunello have with Sangiovese?
It is a biotype
100
What does Brunello mean?
Little dark one
101
Who was Clemente Santi?
A pharmaceutical graduate of Pisa Uni in 1850s - started using Brunello grapes
102
What are the blending requirements for Brunello di Montalcino?
100% Sangiovese
103
What is the ‘madre’ in relation to Vin Santo?
A thick deposit of wine soaked lees and yeast cells left in the bottom of a caratello when racked. Used with the next fermentation
104
What Sangiovese biotype based wine became one of the first to receive DOCG status in 1980?
Brunello di Montalcino
105
What is Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice produced from and in what style (in the Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC)?
Min 80% Sangiovese and only made in sweet (dolce)
106
Which Italy-American brothers founded Castello Banfi?
Mariani Brothers
107
What is the only case of an appellation granted for a single estate wine in Italy?
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
108
What two cities is Chianti Classico situated between?
Firenze and Siena
109
What is the signature grape of Cortona DOC?
Syrah
110
What is the climate of Chianti Classico?
Continental with moderate Mediterranean influences
111
What percentage Sangiovese is required for Morellino do Scansano DOCG?
85%
112
Who resuscitated interest in Carmignano?
Count Ugo Contini Bonacossi of Tenuta Capezzana
113
Who is credited with reviving the fortunes of Montepulciano?
Adamo Fanetti
114
Name the 9 fortified towns and castles in Chianti Classico?
```
S. Casciano in Val di Pesa
Greve in Chianti
Radda in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti
Castelnuovo Berardenga
Castelli in Chianti
Poggiobonsi
Barberino Val d’Elsa
Tavernelle Val di Pesa
```
115
What is ‘Coltura promiscua’?
Mixed cropping alongside vines
116
How was Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG traditionally fermented?
With skin contact
117
Name 2 maritime republics in Central Italy
Pisa and Amalfi
118
What are the requirement for Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG?
Min 12.5% abv and aged for min 24m with 3 in bottle
119
What subzone of Chianti is thought to rival the quality of Chianti Classico?
Rùfina
120
What international variety is the second most planted grape in Toscana?
Merlot
121
What wines are said to combine the elegance of Chianti Classico with the structure of Brunello di Montalcino?
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
122
What was the name of the 1716 edict issued by Grand Duke of Toscana, Cosmo III de’ Medici?
Bando
123
Broadly speaking what do the higher altitude sites of Chianti Classico produce in terms of style?
Higher - elegant, perfumed, high acidity, firm tannins
Lower - fuller, richer, less subtle aromas and softer tannins
124
What is a synonym of Sangiovese all over Toscana?
Sangiovese Grosso
125
What 3 rivers traverse Chianti Classico?
Peas, Greve and Arno
126
What is the name of the appellation for sweet wine in Montepulciano?
Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
127
What are the blending requirements for Chianti DOCG?
Min 70% Sangiovese with 30% auxiliary grapes. White grapes cannot exceed 10% of the blend
128
What Brunello estate became one of the most sought after and expensive in Italy?
Biondi-Santi Brunello
129
What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Montepulciano?
Prugnolo Gentile
130
What is the ‘second’ wine of Montepulciano?
Rosso di Montepulciano DOC
131
What are the 3 ascending classifications of Chianti?
Chianti Classico (Annata), Chianti Classico Riserva, Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
132
How many sub-zones of Chianti DOCG are there? Name them
7 - Rùfina, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Aretini, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli and Colli Senesi
133
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice is made from which grape?
Sangiovese
134
What project started in the 1980s by the Consozio of Chianti Classico was instrumental in developing high quality clones?
Chianti Classico 2000
135
What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Montalcino?
Brunello
136
Which of the Chianti Hills are higher in elevation? East or West?
East is higher
137
A local Tuscan almond biscuit eaten with Vin Santo?
Cantucci
138
What is Tuscana’s most easterly DOC?
Cortona DOC
139
What are the majority of soils in the Chianti Classico?
Galestro, alternating with Albarese and sandstone (known locally as Macigno)
140
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Vin Santo del Chianti Riserva DOC?
4 years
141
What DOC covers the whole of the Grosseto province?
Maremma DOC
142
What is most common vine training system in Toscana?
Archetto (a variation of Guyot), Cordone Speronata and Guyot
143
What grapes are used to make Sassicaia?
Cabernet Sauvignon (80%) and Cabernet Franc
144
The most important Tuscan IGT?
Toscana IGT
145
What Latin word was the used by the Romans to indicate land inhabited by the Etruscans which eventually became Toscana?
Etruria which then became Tuscia
146
Fattoria
Farm
