Totalitarian Regimes Flashcards
(36 cards)
Characteristics
- Total government control (political, social, economical, cultural, military)
- Military state
- Censorship
- Nationalistic
- Propaganda
- One leader
- Conformity of people to ideas and leader
- Terror/fear
The rise of ____ in ____ fuelled _____
Communism, Eastern Europe, Fascism
By the end of ww1, what kind of governments made up European nations?
Democratic governments mostly by Treaty of Versailles (Kaiser Wilhelm of GER was replaced by another elected leader)
What was changing in Europe after ww1?
People were beginning to question traditional political and economic systems. Began to consider new parties springing up across Europe.
What was happening in Canada?
Some people openly showed interest in communism and fascism but others were too concerned with Depression to care.
What is Fascism?
- RIGHT WING (right, down / economic freedom, political control)
- intense nationalism and elitism
- totalitarian control
- interests of state more important that individual rights
- maintain class system and private ownership
- DEFINITION: governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism
What happened in 1919 in Italy?
A new political movement emerged in Italy under leadership of Benito Mussolini
Fascist ideology?
- democracy weakens country bc it places too much emphasis on individuals
- COUNTRY ABOVE ALL ELSE
- Mussolini erased line between public and private life “for the fascist, the state is all embracing; outside it no human or spiritual values exist”
When did Italy’s government die?
1922 when black-shirted Italian fascists marched on Rome
What did fascists do when they took power?
- Banned opposing political parties and workers’ unions
- Censor newspapers
- Controlled media (propaganda)
What happened to people who refused to support Mussolini?
A secret police force was set up to terrorize people into obedience (OVRA - formed in 1927 and led by Arturo Bocchini)
What was the world’s first Totalitarian dictatorship?
Fascism
What is Communism?
- LEFT WING (left, down / economic control, political control)
- Based on theory by Karl Marx
- Creates “classless society”
- State ownership
- Soviet Communism (Stalinism) was more of totalitarian and military state combined with communism
Who was the leader of the Soviet Union? From when to when?
Joseph Stalin (1922 - 1953)
What happened during war in Russia?
There were food shortages and Vladimir Lenin overthrew last Russian czar (Nicky 2) before setting up world’s first communist government
What happened after Lenin died in 1924?
Stalin secured enough support to win leadership
What was the “Great Terror”?
From 1935 - 1938 - Stalin eliminated everyone he suspected was working against him (death penalty to everyone who withheld information). Even applied to 12 year olds.
In 3 years, how many lives had the death penalty claimed?
ONE MILLION
Similarity between fascism and communism?
sought world conquest
What is the NSDAP?
National Socialistishe Deutsche Arbiters Partei (National Socialist German Workers’ Party)
What is Nazism?
- fascist, nationalistic, totalitarian
- belief in racial superiority of the Aryan (master race)
- belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in england
- hatred towards jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them
When and where was GWP formed?
1919, Munich
What was GER army worried about? What actions did they take?
Worried that it was left-wing revolutionary group and sent Adolf Hitler to spy on organization
What did Hitler discover?
Party’s ideology was similar to his own (nationalism and anti-semitism). Hitler was unimpressed with way party was organized. Impressed leaders and was asked to join.
