Tour of Cells Flashcards
(15 cards)
Plasma membrane (Cell membrane)
Surrounds the cell and is made up of a Phospholipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates. It gives the cell shape and protection, and it also controls what substances can move in and out of the cell.
Nucleus ( Information Control)
It is found in the cytosol, and is not always in the center of the cell. It is enclosed by a double membrane lipid bilayer nuclear envelope with pores. The two membranes, have associated proteins. The nucleus contains most of the genetic information, which is the instructions for the cell and for the ribosomes to synthesize proteins.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
It is joined to the nucleus. The membrane of the nucleus extend to form extensive sacs and membranous tubules which is called “Cisternae” The RER is studded with ribosomes on the outer surface of the membrane. The internal compartments of the ER is called the “Lumen”. The RER modifies proteins (Tertiary structure: folds into its functional shape) as the ribosomes thread the polypeptide into the ER lumen through a pore formed by a protein complex.
Golgi Apparatus ( Warehouse)
It is between the ER and the Plasma membrane. It is a group of associated flattened membranous sacs with a Cis and a Trans face. Has directionality, and the opposite sides of the stack differ in thickness and molecular composition. It is responsible for the synthesis, modification, storing, and secretion of cell products. It also manufactures certain macromolecules.
Adds identification[ molecular ID tags]
Transport Vesicles
Free in various places in the cytosol. They are tiny membrane sacs that buds from the membrane organelles( Exp. RER & Golgi Apparatus). Its job is to transport substances.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Membrane from the nucleus extends to form extensive sacs. No ribosomes on surface, It detoxifies cells, synthesize lipids {phospholipids, steroids’, oil}, and metabolize carbohydrates and store calcium ions.
Ribosomes
Free in the cytosol or bound to the RER or nuclear envelope. The are complexed made up of ribosomal RNA’s (rRNA’s) They are not membrane bounded. They carry out protein synthesis according tp the instructions from genes.
Free ribosomes make proteins that function with the cytosol
Bound ribosomes make proteins for insertion into the membrane or for export from the cell {Secretion}.
Mitochondria (Powerhouse of Cell)
Free in the cytosol. It is a double membrane and has its own DNA and Ribosomes inside. It converts energy to forms cells can use (ATP).
Chloroplast
It changes the location in the cell, It is a double membrane structure and it has its own DNA and ribosomes. It uses sunlight (light energy ) and make glucose from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis.
Lysosome
It changes its location in the cytosol, It is a small membrane sac containing digestive enzymes/ hydrolytic enzymes. It breaks down substances of the cell (Exp. Expired organelles)
Food Vacuole
It is free in the cytosol. It is a large membranous sac originating from the plasma membrane. It stores food.
Centrioles
It is located by the nucleus. It is a structure of hollow tubes made of microtubule proteins. It releases organized spindle fibers that are involved in cell division.
Flagellum
They are on the outside of cells. It is a extension of cell membrane with cytoskeleton components inside. It contains microtubules. It helps the cell membrane move around.
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. It organizes and supports the cells structures, and activities of the cell. It also helps to maintain the cell structure. Cell mobility generally requires interactions of the cytoskeleton with motor proteins. Made up of three components Microfilaments (thinness), Intermediate filaments( middle range) and Microtubules (thickest)
Cell wall
An extracellular structure of plants cells. It protects the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water. Much thicker than plasma membrane. It is made up of polysaccharide cellulose.
