Tourism Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Define tourist.
A
A tourist is someone who travels for pleasure or business. They stay away from their usual residence for over 1 day but less than 1 year.
2
Q
Define tourism.
A
The tourism industry facilitates the tourists by attracting, accommodating, and entertaining them. Tourism can be domestic or international.
3
Q
Define domestic tourist.
A
A Domestic Tourist is taking part in tourism within your own country.
4
Q
Define international tourism.
A
A International Tourist is taking part in tourism outside of your own country.
5
Q
Define human attractions.
A
Human attractions are built or made by people.
6
Q
Define physical attractions.
A
Physical attractions are made naturally, by nature.
7
Q
What is mass tourism?
A
Large scale tourism that involves many people visiting the same location.
8
Q
What is adventure tourism?
A
A type of tourism involving travel to remote or exotic locations in order to take part in physically challenging outdoor activities.
9
Q
What is dark tourism?
A
Tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy.
10
Q
What is cultural tourism?
A
Tourists visit a place to engage with culture, the people, the history of those people, their art, architecture, religion etc.
11
Q
What is ecotourism?
A
Tourists visit natural areas and aim to have a low or positive impact on the environment, people and economy. It is often small scale.
12
Q
What is happening with the growth of international tourists from 1950 to 2030?
A
Increases.
13
Q
Why do countries that receive the highest number of tourists not always make the most money?
A
Visitors spend a long time there especially if they have travelled further to get there and consequently spend more money. The cost of goods and services are much higher and therefore bring in larger amounts of money. For example, Iceland is one of the most expensive for food, accommodation and tourism activities.
14
Q
What is wildlife tourism?
A
Visiting a place to see animals and bird, like a safari.
15
Q
What is rural tourism?
A
Visiting the countryside.
16
Q
What is religious tourism?
A
Visiting a place for a religious reason, like a pilgrimage.
17
Q
What is a city break?
A
Spending time in a city, seeing sights and visiting museums.
18
Q
Which continent has had the largest share of international tourists in 2017?
A
Europe
19
Q
Which continent has the fastest growth for international tourist arrivals in 2017?
A
Middle East
20
Q
True or False: the richest regions of the world have the slowest growth rates for international tourists in 2017?
A
t
21
Q
How many National Parks in UK?
A
15
22
Q
How many National Parks in England?
A
10
23
Q
How many National Parks in Wales?
A
3
24
Q
How many National Parks in Scotland?
A
2
25
What is the largest National Park in UK?
Cairngorms Scotland
26
What is the smallest National Park in UK?
Snowdonia
27
What is the first National Park in UK?
The Peak District in 1951
28
Which National Park was the last to be designated?
South Downs
29
What is a National Park?
National Parks are spacious and very beautiful, and spectacular stretch of countryside. They are areas where everyone can go to enjoy the outdoors.�A legally designated area of valuable landscape worth preserving. Planning and development are controlled. E.g. The Lake District.
30
What is a honey pot site?
Honeypot Site: A specific location attracting a very large number of people that causes pressure on the environment. e.g. Beatrix Potters House
31
What are the three main aims for National Parks?
1)Protect the beauty, wildlife and traditions of the park and surrounding area.
2)Help visitors to enjoy it
3)Promote the economic (money) and social (people) well-being for the local people.
32
What are some of the problems tourists bring to National Parks?
Overcrowding, holiday homes, loss of farming, traffic, pollution, tree plant damage, vandalism, gates left open and cattle escape, litter, trampling.
33
What are some of the positives of tourism in National Parks?
Jobs. Income. Demands for local food and crafts. People come to see the scenery.
34
National Parks: Footpath erosion. Name a solution.
Repair damaged footpaths and fence off areas.
35
National Parks: Litter. Name a solution.
More litter bins and have park wardens to keep an eye on visitors.
36
National Parks: Traffic Congestion. Name a solution.
Roads closed during busy times and encourage people to use cycle and park and ride schemes.
37
National Parks: Heavy lorries passing through. Name a solution.
Lorries to use by-pass.
38
National Parks: Too many visitors. Name a solution.
Direct visitors to other attractions.
39
National Parks: Conflicts between locals and tourism. Name a solution.
Restriction of tourist activities.
40
National Parks: Noisy activities (water skiing). Name a solution.
Restrict certain activities to certain times. Speed limits on lakes.
41
What does the term 'conflict' mean?
A serious disagreement or argument
42
What has happened to seaside holidays in the UK since 1970 to today?
Declined and holidays abroad increased.
43
What model can be used to look at the way tourist resorts grow and develop??
Butler Model
44
What is the Butler Model?
Used to look at the way tourist resorts grow and develop
45
What are the 5 stages of the Butler Model? What two stages can happen after these?
1. Exploration. 2. Involvement. 3. Development. 4.Consolidation. 5. Stagnation. THEN�6. Rejuvenation or Decline.
46
What is the stage exploration?
A small number of tourists visit the area. The area is unspoilt and few tourist facilities exist.
47
What is the stage involvement?
Involvement - local people start to provide some facilities for tourists. There starts to become a recognised tourist season.
48
What is the stage development?
Development - the host country starts to develop and advertise the area. The area becomes recognised as a tourist destination.
49
What is the stage consolidation?
Consolidation - the area continues to attract tourists. The growth in tourist numbers may not be a fast as before. Some tensions develop between the host and the tourists.
50
What is the stage stagnation?
Stagnation - the facilities for the tourists may decline as they become old and run down. The numbers of tourists may decline too.
51
what is the stage rejuvenation?
Rejuvenation - investment and modernisation may occur which leads to improvements and visitor numbers may increase again.
52
What is the stage decline?
Decline - if the resort is not rejuvenated (stage 6) then it will go into decline. People lose their jobs related to tourism. The image of the area suffers.
53
What are the 9 reasons for why tourist numbers are increasing?
Paid holiday, shorter working hours, wages increased, media, government policy, technology, elderly, cars and air fares.
54
How does 'paid holiday' increase tourist numbers?
The vast majority of countries have labour laws that give people a paid minimum number of days off each year. The number of countries creating legislation, and the number of days granted, have increased significantly over the last century.
55
How does 'shorter working hours' increase tourist numbers?
Most countries in the developed world have seen average hours worked decrease significantly.�For example, in the U.S in the late 19th century it was estimated that the average work week was over 60 hours per week.�Today the average is around 33
56
How does 'wages increased' increase tourist numbers?
The people of the past were many times poorer than we are today.�An increase in wages gives citizens more disposable income to spend on luxuries such as holidays.
57
How does 'media' increase tourist numbers?
The media has helped to promote tourist destinations across the globe. The increase in information from television, internet and social media means that tourist are more aware of the opportunities.
58
How does 'government policy' increase tourist numbers?
National governments now understand the huge potential of tourism for boosting GDP. The Maldives acquires 40% of its GDP from tourism. Therefore, governments are willing to invest in infrastructure, tourist attractions and the promotion of these.
59
How does 'technology' increase tourist numbers?
Changes to transportation including air travel (jumbo jet) have resulted in quicker, cheaper and more efficient travel. The internet has allowed tourists to research and book their own bespoke holiday.
60
How does 'eldery' increase tourist numbers?
People are living longer than ever before, and they have their life savings to spend. The �grey dollar� is boosting the travel and tourism sector as the elderly are fitter and more adventurous than ever.
61
How does 'cars' increase tourist numbers?
Increased car ownership has supported the growth of domestic tourism.
62
How does 'air fares' increase tourist numbers?
Budget airlines such as Ryanair and Air Asia have revolutionized the aviation sector. They have significantly increased capacity and reduced prices so that many people in the world can start to afford to fly.
63
What percentage of GDP does the Maldives acquire from tourism?
0.4
64
Most countries in the developed world have seen average hours worked decrease significantly. For example, in the U.S in the late 19th century it was estimated that the average work week was over 60 hours per week. What do they estimate the average to be today?
33
65
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? 'Direct Employment- jobs for people who work in the tourism sector and with tourists. They could manufacture products or provide services. Examples include hotel workers and tour guides.'
Economic Positive
66
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? 'Inflation- An influx of tourists and money can result in higher prices of goods and services for local people.'
Economic. Negative.
67
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? 'Foreign Direct Investment- huge multinational companies and hotel chains invest many millions of dollars in new projects in countries around the world. This adds money and investment into the local economy.'
Economic Positive
68
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? 'Leakage- many of the profits made through tourism exit the local economy to go back to company headquarters in other parts of the world.'
Economic. Negative.
69
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Multiplier effect- The money that tourists bring and spend then circulates through the country's economy creating new opportunities. This can improve the quality of life.
Economic Positive
70
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Carbon emissions- air travel is one of the biggest emitters of CO2
Environmental. Negative
71
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Pollution- an increase in people and vehicles can result in noise and air pollution. Furthermore, increases in litter and traffic congestion.
Environmental. Negative
72
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Environmental awareness- tourists may learn about the importance of the environments they visit and spread information and knowledge about this when they return home.
Environmental. Positive
73
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Conservation- tourism money/taxes can encourage governments to preserve areas of environmental or cultural significance. They may set up National Parks or provide more money for conservation efforts.
Environmental. Positive
74
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Indirect employment- jobs for workers who do not directly produce goods or services for tourists but make the industry possible and more efficient. For example, farmers providing food or taxi drivers.
Economic Positive
75
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact?Cultural exchange- tourists and locals can share information and culture and build a better understanding.
Social. Positive
76
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact?Tax - tourism taxes are often used to provide extra money for the government. Tourism can stimulate economic growth, create jobs and therefore increase tax payments from the local population.
Economic Positive
77
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Overdependent- some areas can become over reliant on tourism for their economy. This is great whilst the global economy is booming but can cause serious problems during global recession or with increased competition from other resorts or COVID-19.
Economic. Negative.
78
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Increased waste - from hotels, restaurants etc.
Environmental. Negative
79
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Habitat destruction- natural habitats may be impacted or even removed to accommodate the growing number of tourists and their needs for accommodation and other supporting infrastructure
Environmental. Negative
80
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Local traditions- tourists may be interested in local customs, beliefs, and traditions. This may encourage them to be preserved to demonstrate them to tourists. They are then handed down from one generation to the next.
Social. Positive
81
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Infrastructure- governments and organisations often invest in supporting attractions and transportation, energy and water networks. These new services can also be used by the local population.
Social. Positive
82
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Social tensions- Over time, local people become more less tolerant of visiting tourists.
Social. Negative.
83
Is this an advantage or disadvantage? Is it a social, environmental or economic impact? Seasonal employment- part-time employment spikes at certain times of the year. This can often leave places with unemployment at certain times of the year.
Social. Negative
84
What is sustainable tourism?
Sustainable tourism meets the needs of present tourists and local communities whilst also protecting the natural, historical and cultural environment for the future.
85
Is this sustainable tourism? Sustainable tourism is visiting somewhere as a tourist and trying to make a positive impact on the environment, society, and economy
YES
86
What three things should sustainable tourism achieve?
1) Make conserve natural features and biodiversity. 2) Respect the socio-culture of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values. 3) Ensure long-term economic income, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders (everyone involved) that are fairly distributed. This includes stable employment and income-earning opportunities.�
87
How is ecotourism defined?
�responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education.�
88
What is the case study for sustainable tourism?
Langkawi, Malaysia
89
What continent is Langkawi found on?
Asia
90
What has happened to Langkawi's tourist numbers since 2009?
Over the last decade, tourist arrivals to Langkawi have increased significantly. In 2009, there were 2.5 million tourist arrivals. This increased to over 3.6 million in 2018. This is an increase 44% (4.4% annually).
91
What are some human tourist attractions in Langkawi?
Water sports, restuarants and bars, cable car to a sky brdige, underwater world aquarium, wildlife park
92
What are some physical tourist attractions in Langkawi?
99 tropical islands, beautiful white beaches, hot daytime temperatures, beautiful views, forest-covered mountains, hills and tropical ranforests, coastal mangroves, wildlife (sea eagles, brahminy kites, sea otters, kingfishers), 2400mm of rainfall a year, mountainous terrain, Seven Wells waterfall.
93
Impacts in Langkawi: direct employment - how many people are employed in hotels/tour guides/tourist attractions?
over 9000
94
What percentage of tax does the Malaysian government collect on Sales and Service Tax on all hotels, restuarants, flights?
0.06
95
How much extra do tourist pay per night in a hotel in Langkawi? Where does this money go?
$2.50. Improving the infrastructure
96
Langkawi - what percentage of the natural habitiat has been lost in the last 30 years?
0.5
97
Langkawi - how much of waste is created each day?
over 100 metric tonnes.
98
Langkawi - during the dry season, March, how many tourists visit? Compared to the wet season - September?
350,000 in March and 260,000 in Sept.
99
Langkawi - how many arrivals can the airport handle since its upgrade.
over 4 million
100
Define tourism industry.
A group of stakeholders and organisations that facilitate tourists by attracting, accommodation and entertaining them.
