Toward The Civil War And Reconstruction (1845-1877) Flashcards

Question

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 1

Period before the civil war Conflict between proslavery and anti-slavery forces More than 200 people died Started by John brown's raid

Answer 2

Butler: a proslavery senator who savagely beat abolitionist Charles sumner on the head with a cane for a speech in which sumner attacked the south and butler used lewd metaphors about slavery

Answer 3

Elected 1856 Had been out of the country for the previous 4 years and blamed president pierce and the Kansas-Nebraska act for the chaos Tried to maintain the status quo Worked to enforce the fugitive slave act and opposed abolitionist activism

Answer 4

Dred Scott declared himself a free slave when his master took him to free territory Scott won the case, then lost the appeal, and the case wound up at the Supreme Court where he lost Roger Taney declared that slaves were property, not citizens, and that no black person could ever be a citizen of the United States. Argued they couldn't sue in federal court, and that congress couldn't regulate slavery in the territories Nullified the Missouri compromise and Kansas-Nebraska act, and ruled out any hope of reviving the Wilmot proviso

Answer 5

For the Illinois senate seat Gained national attention in part because of the railroad and telegraph Stephen Douglas was the leading democrat in the senate, and Lincoln was a Whig opposed to the Mexican war and Kansas-Nebraska act Gave voice to issues and concerns that divides a nation heading for the civil war Lincoln delivered his "House divided" speech

Answer 6

Douglas destroyed his political career by trying to depict Lincoln as an abolitionist, but Lincoln backed Douglas into a corner am when he pushed him to reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision. Douglas said slavery couldn't exist where local laws didn't protect it. He alienated both northern and southern voters

Answer 7

John brown hopes to spark a slave revolt in 1859 but failed Executed -> news spread that brown had received financial backing from northern abolitionist organizations Brown became a martyr for the cause

Answer 8

Northern democrats backed Douglas Southern democrats backed jog Breckinridge Lincoln vs. Douglas in north John bell defeated Breckinridge in south Lincoln didn't even appear on southern ballots North held majority of electoral votes and Lincoln won

Answer 9

Created by southern leaders who wanted to maintain the union in an attempt to negotiate All hope lost when Lincoln refused to soften the republican demand that slavery not be extended to the territories

Answer 10

December 1860 South Carolina seceded from the union Within 6 months other states joined Chose Jefferson Davis to lead

Answer 11

Lincoln decided to maintain control of federal forts in the south while waiting for the confederacy to make a move April 12, 1861 it did, attacking the fort No casualties First battle of the civil war

Answer 12

Slave states that fought for the union | Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware

Answer 13

President of the confederacy during the civil war Forced the south to compensate quickly for what it had lost when it cut itself off from northern commerce Imposed taxes to spur industrial and urban growth Suspended habeas corpus Inflation - couldn't get to the norths level

Answer 14

Worsened poverty - men couldn't tend to fields Created class conflict - the wealthy could hire surrogates to take their place in the war Ultimately led to widespread desertions from the confederate army

Answer 15

``` Boosted economy, slight inflation War profiteering Widespread corruption Workers formed unions for job security Increase in federal government power ```

Answer 16

Ordered by Lincoln during the civil war | First to do so

Answer 17

Government-issued paper money That was a precursor to modern currency Issued by Lincoln's secretary of the treasury salmon p. chase

Answer 18

Wanted immediate emancipation Introduced the confiscation acts Civil war era

Answer 19

Proposed by radical republicans Gave the government the right to seize any slaves used for "insurrectionary purposes" Allow the government to liberate any slave owned by someone who supported the rebellion, even if that support was limited to paying taxes to the confederate government Essentially gave the union the right to free all slaves Lincoln refused to enforce it

Answer 20

Kept Britain and France out of the war | Provide a new source of troops for the union side - dared not make the move until after northern victory (Antietam)

Answer 21

Issues after northern victory at Antietam Freed no slaves - stated that I January 1, 1863 the government would liberate all slaves residing in those states still "in rebellion" (the confederacy) Didn't liberate slaves in border states or southern counties already under control of the union army Allowed southern states to rejoin the union without giving up slavery

Answer 22

Prohibited slavery Lincoln offered a 5-year delay on implementing the amendment if it passed and $400 million to compensate slave owners - but Jefferson Davis refused to compromise

Answer 23

Popular opinion in north and south wanted to end the war | Lincoln v. General George McClellan

Answer 24

Northerners who accused Lincoln of instigating a national social revolution and criticized his administrations policies as a thinly disguised attempt to destroy the south

Answer 25

Most violent area of opposition to the war Racial, ethnic and class antagonisms exploded into draft riots in July of 1863 Immigrants fearful that freed slaves would be job competition

Answer 26

Established by the government to help newly liberated blacks establish a place in post-war society Provided food and housing, and developed social institutions & schools First federal social welfare program Terribly underfunded - had little impact once military reconstruction came to an end

Answer 27

Atlanta to the Atlantic Ravaged the south, union army burned everything in it's wake to destroy confederate moral and deplete the souths material resources Foreshadowed wide-scale warfare of the 20th century

Answer 28

Time period: 1865-1877, from the end of the civil war to the end of military reconstruction when the union army withdrew from the south Process: re admitting southern states, reconstructing and rebuilding southern towns, and integrating newly freed blacks into American society (most difficult)

Answer 29

Lincoln's plan for reconstruction Required 10% of those voters who had voted in the 1860 election to swear an oath of allegiance to the union and accept emancipation through the 13th amendment Would reorganize their state government and reapply for admission into the union No provisions for black suffrage

Answer 30

Viewed the southern states as "conquered territory" and as such were under the jurisdiction of congress, not the president. Thought Lincoln's plan was too lenient and argued for the Wade-Davis bill

Answer 31

1864 plan for reconstruction Provided that former confederate states would be ruled by a military government and required 50% of the electorate to swear an oath of allegiance to the United States. A state convention would then be organized to repeal their ordinance of secession and abolish slavery within their state. No provisions for black suffrage Pocket-vetoed and destroyed by Lincoln

Answer 32

VP and successor of Lincoln Southern democrat Opposed secession and strongly supported Lincoln during his first term

Answer 33

Called for the creation of provisional military governments to run the states until they were re admitted to the union. It also requires all southern citizens to swear a loyalty oath before receiving amnesty for the rebellion. Barred many of the former southern elite from taking that vow, thus prohibiting their participation in the new governments. Provisional governments would hold a state constitutional convention and write new constitutions eliminating slavery and renouncing secession. Didn't work - johnson pardoned the southern elite Johnson refused to compromise - ended reconstruction

Answer 34

Only made slight revisions Passed new black codes limiting freedman's rights to assemble and travel, instituting curfews, and requiring blacks to carry special passes. Took old slave codes and replaced the word slaves with freedmen

Answer 35

Conservative republicans: agreed with Johnson's plan Moderates: large enough to swing a vote in one direction or the other Radical republicans: wanted to extend democracy in the south and wanted to punish the south for seceding

Answer 36

General Sherman issues it Land seized from the confederates was to be redistributed among the new freedmen, but president Johnson rescinded Sherman's order Giving freedman "40 acres and a mule"

Answer 37

Drawn up by republicans in response to Johnson's inability to compromise Fourteenth amendment, military reconstruction act of 1867, limited presidents power

Answer 38

1. All people born in the US are automatically citizens of the state in which they reside 2. Prohibited states from depriving citizens of "life, liberty, or property without due process" 3. Prevented states from denying citizens "equal protection of the law" 4. Gave states the choice to give freedmen the right to vote or not count them among their voting population for congressional appointment 5. Excused the confederacy's war debt

Answer 39

Andrew Johnson campaigned against the fourteenth amendment and lost

Answer 40

Imposed martial law on the South Called for new state constitutional conventions and forces the states to allow blacks to vote for convention delegates Required each state to ratify the fourteenth amendment and to send it's new constitution to congress for approval

Answer 41

Supposedly for violating the Tenure of Office Act - Johnson fires Secretary of War Edwin Stanton But really because he was getting in the way of reconstruction Acquitted by one vote, but rendered him politically impotent

Answer 42

Succeeded Johnson Allowed congress to forge ahead with reconstruction Had a corrupt and scandalous administration that he was supposedly unaware of Had no political experience

Answer 43

Proposed in 1869 Required states to enfranchise black men Only passed because southern states were required to ratify it as a condition of re entry to the union

Answer 44

All southern men could vote Public schools and social institutions built Stimulated industrial and rail development through loans, grants, and tax exemptions Blacks serving in southern government

Answer 45

Economic plans cost a lot of money, leading to high tax rates that turned public opinion Opponents waged a propaganda war Many who participated in reconstruction were corrupt (both northerners and southerners) War of intimidation began Did nothing to redistribute the souths wealth or guarantee that freedmen would own property

Answer 46

Focused on murdering freedmen | Secretive terrorist group

Answer 47

Openly operating parliamentary force who focused on murdering republicans

Answer 48

Court ruled that the 14th amendment applies only to the federal government Cleared the way for grandfather clauses, poll taxes, literary tests, property requirements, and other restrictions

Answer 49

Southern democrats who regained control of most of the regions state legislatures by 1876 Intended to reverse republican reconstruction policies as they returned to power

Answer 50

Agreement that if Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 election against Samuel J. Tilden, he would end military reconstruction and pull federal troops out of South Carolina and Louisiana, thereby enabling democrats to regain control of those states

Answer 51

Blacks traded a portion of their crop in return for the right to work someone else'a land Worked at first, but unscrupulous landowners eventually used the system as a means of keeping poor farmers in a state of near slavery and debt

Answer 52

Movement of blacks from the south to northern cities like Chicago and Detroit when reconstruction ended

Toward The Civil War And Reconstruction (1845-1877) Flashcards

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