Towns PART 2

Question 1

burh

Answer 1

anglo Saxon trade town

Question 2

what happened to merchants in trade towns

Answer 2

they were heavily taxed

Question 3

burgess

Answer 3

• important figures in towns who had the right to buy and sell property
• -> heard legal cases to shire or hundred
• -> owed taxes to local lord

Question 4

which city declined in importance and how did William combat this

Answer 4

-winchester declined in importance but William built a cathedral to increase its religious importance

Question 5

how many new towns were created between 1066 and 1100

Answer 5

21 new towns

Question 6

how many burgesses did Lincoln have

Answer 6

-970

Question 7

what did the domesday book show about the populations of London and Winchester

Answer 7

London - 10,000

Winchester - 6000

Question 8

by 1086 how many new houses were built in bury st edmunds ( a market town0

Answer 8

300

Question 9

what were castle initially built for and what did they become

Answer 9

-initially built to defend Norman nobility but soon became centres for trade

Question 10

example of towns that developed around new cathedrals

Answer 10

Durham Ely and winchester

Question 11

the more burgesses a town had

Answer 11

the bigger it was

Question 12

problems with towns

Answer 12

• mass dense population
• dieseases could spread easily (cramped living space)
• no proper sewage or running water
• feces thrown out of window
• not many jobs for the amount of people
• villages had access to food and water due to streams and woodland but towns lacked this

Question 13

Why did towns grow after Normans

Answer 13

• towns grew as a trading centre and were charged to enter (expand economy)
• a villein could become a freeman after a year and a day
• tons grew around new cathedral eg durham
• villeins could become servant for rich merchants

Question 14

why did towns in the SW grow

Answer 14

trade links with Normandy

Question 15

what would having a charter of independence mean for a town

Answer 15

• if towns grew they could apply for a charter of independence from Lord r King
• town could govern itself by electing a council and mayor
• free form Normans to own taxes and run a fair market

Question 16

what’s the difference between castles and burhs

Answer 16

-castles hosted troops while burh housed the whole community

Question 17

guilds

Answer 17

burgesses may be crafts people( weavers/goldsmiths//leatherworkers) and began to form special associations
-stamp of quality control

Question 18

how did trade affect the growth of towns

Answer 18

• Trade with Scandanavia declined
• Normans provided stability which increased trade and trade with France increased
• salt became an important product

Question 19

1086 Domesday book Droitwich increased in trade due to

Answer 19

• salt
• 13 salthouses in droitwich
• 3 salt workers paid taxes to King in form of salt
• cook and perserve food

Question 20

role of burgesses in towns

Answer 20

• acted as watchmen
• helped local militia
• could rule on legal disputes

Question 21

what did a town need to be held a franchise

Answer 21

• grant form King

Question 22

how many grants given out after Norman conquest

Answer 22

-2800

Question 23

who was the first grant given to

Answer 23

-Bishop of winchester to hold a free fair at st Giles hill

Question 24

salt trade

Answer 24

-cook and preserve food

Question 25

wool trade

Answer 25

- demand in England and neighbouring countries for wool to make clothes - made in countryside and transported along river eg York and Lincoln - exported abroad to owns in Belgium Flanders

Question 26

Metalwork

Answer 26

- production of iron and lead important in weapon making - metal workers were near woodland to prove wood for fires - gloucester sourced wood form Forest of Dean

Question 27

moneylenders

Answer 27

- not christians as they outdent do job so usually jews form Europe - no banks so they were useful but very unpopular

Question 28

similarities between towns and villages

Answer 28

- poor sanitation - both have hierarchy - both have religious buildings - church is a stronghold

Question 29

differences between town and village

Answer 29

- towns have large population - towns have greater business - villages have a better food and water supply - towns have more freedom

Question 30

Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks ) CAUSES

Answer 30

-Normans wanted to increase trade and expand the economy -towns expands due to the construction of new Cathedrals for examples Winchester grew round its cathedral increased in religious importance population 6000 -Normans could gain taxes form taxes the merchants to enter town for trade -increae military control by building castles in towns on a large scale

Question 31

Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks ) CHRONOLOGY

Answer 31

- densely populated towns led to horrid living conditions | - castles acted as a fortress and stronghold