TOX 9 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons Flashcards
Saturated hydrocarbons effect
C1 -> C8 - increased narcotic efficacy (e.g. methane, propane, butane poisoning)
Chronic intoxication (sat. hydrocarbons)
Glue sniffing
Lungs issues, psychotic reactions, depression, delirium
unsaturated hydrocarbons
narcotic effect increases with amount of double bonds
increased carbon numbers cause convulsions and hepatotoxicity
Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons
monohalogenated methans - severe CNS toxicity
chloroform
tetrachlor-methan - carbon tetrachloride
Treatment
Symptomatic
- bronchodilators
- intubation
- oxygen
- cutaneous decontamination
- GI decontamination
- Careful observation and monitoring
Aliphatic HC and halogenated HC exposure
- Accidental exposure; most commonly by children
- Workplace exposure
- Environmental pollution; breaking the ozone layer
Toxicity depends on:
viscosity, volatility, surface tension, chemical side chains or substitutions
Acute hydrocarbon toxicity affects the
heart, lungs and CNS
Aliphatic hydrocarbons symptoms
localized GI symptoms and aspiration pneumonia
Halogenic aliphatic hydrocarbons:
more severe systemic symptoms
- Neurotoxicity
- peripheral neuropathy
- hepatotoxicity and
- nephrotoxicity
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are recognized as carcinogenic
Tetrahydrochloride is listed as a carcinogenic activity
Symptoms
Respiratory: Coughing, Choking, Tachypnea, Cyanosis
CNS: Headache, Dizziness, Seizures, Coma
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain
Skin: Mucosal irritation, Chemical burns
- Chronic workplace exposure: significant neurotoxicity with impaired memory, cardiac arrythmias
- Chronic workplace exposure:
- significant neurotoxicity with impaired memory,
- cardiac arrythmias
