Tox Final

Question 1

Which part of ammonia gases is false?
1- from burning plastics
2- is lighter than air
3-has a specific odor
4- becomes ammonium hydroxide which is soluble in H2O

Answer 1

2- it is HEAVIER than air

Question 2

T/F MOA of ammonia gasses is direct irritation to the lungs causing pulmonary edema and it inhibits the CAC

Answer 2

True

Question 3

C/S of ammonia gas tox?

Answer 3

Red mm, lacrimation, coughing, sneezing, dyspnea, seizures, dec egg production

Question 4

T/F Ammonia gas causes an acidosis with compensatory alkalosis

Answer 4

FALSE- causes alkalosis w/ comp acidosis

Question 5

Tx ammonia gas tox

Answer 5

Remove source, O2, ointments, Abx, diuretics

Question 6

H2S gas is from what?

Answer 6

Decomposing manure and sewage

Question 7

What is the odor for H2S gas?

Answer 7

Rotten egg odor

Question 8

What color does H2S gas cause GI and tissues to turn?

Answer 8

Black

Question 9

T/F H2S gas turns into sulfuric acid and sodium sulfide with contact with mm

Answer 9

True

Question 10

MOA H2S gas?

Answer 10

Inhibit cytochrome oxidase and cellular resp, death from histotoxic anoxia and cause hyperpnea

Question 11

T/F H2S gas causes sudden death, without seizures

Answer 11

False- sudden death AND seizures

Question 12

Lab diagnosis of H2S gas?

Answer 12

Dark blood and may not clot, also dark tissues

Question 13

Tx H2S tox?

Answer 13

Na nitrate IV (form metHb to bind to H2S), O2, remove source

Question 14

Color of blood with CO tox?

Answer 14

Bright red blood and mm

Question 15

CO tox most severe in?

Answer 15

Small birds

Question 16

CO causes what effect?

Answer 16

Haldane effect- left shift causing free radicals and not carrying O2

Question 17

Chronic CS of CO tox?

Answer 17

Brain edema, hemorrhage, necrosis

Question 18

Tx CO tox?

Answer 18

O2 of 5% CO2 in O2, blood transfusion

Question 19

NO2 has what type of odor?

Answer 19

Chlorine like odor

Question 20

What color is NO2?

Answer 20

Reddish brown (N2O4 is colorless)

Question 21

NO2 on mm converts to what?

Answer 21

Nitrite and nitrate

Question 22

What does nitric acid cause?

Answer 22

Irritation to mm, and lung damage/fibrosis

Question 23

Is acute or chronic more toxic with NO2 tox?

Answer 23

Acute

Question 24

Tx NO2?

Answer 24

Antioxidants, methylene blue for metHb, fresh air, O2, diuretics

Question 25

SO2/3 gases are from what?

Answer 25

Fossil fuels, industrial pollutants

Question 26

SO2 turns to what?

Answer 26

Sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid

Question 27

CS SO2 tox?

Answer 27

Reflex bronchoconstriction -> anoxemia/hypoxemia and lung damage

Question 28

Smoke inhalation is made worse by what?

Answer 28

Burns/heated air

Question 29

T/F smoke is a heterogenous mixture?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

``` MOA simple asphyxiants (gases/vapors)? Chemical asphyxiants (CO, HCN, H2S, NO2)? ```

Answer 30

Simple- none | Chemical- irrtants

Question 31

CS smoke inhalation?

Answer 31

Resp, CV, irritation, edema, CNS signs, burns

Question 32

Tx smoke inhalation?

Answer 32

O2, B adrenergic agonists, NO steroids/cough suppressants. NSAIDs, fluids

Question 33

Highly soluble smoke goes where? | Low soluble smoke goes where?

Answer 33

High- URT | Low- lungs/bronchioles

Question 34

Bufo toad toxin (bufotenine) causes what?

Answer 34

hallucinations, vasoconstriction, cardioactive steroids

Question 35

Which species is most susceptible to bufo toad toxin?

Answer 35

Dogs

Question 36

How are bufo toad toxins absorbed?

Answer 36

MM and open wounds (Vd all over- BBB)

Question 37

MOA bufo toad toxin?

Answer 37

Inhibit Na/K ATPase- irritate mm, Heart, BV, CNS, looks like digoxin

Question 38

Tx bufo toad toxin?

Answer 38

A/C, atropine, B blockers, lidocaine, digoxin immune Fab to bind digoxin

Question 39

What snakes are venom from?

Answer 39

Rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths, water moccasins

Question 40

Species most susceptible to venom?

Answer 40

Dogs- most susceptible and sensitive

Question 41

Toxicity levels from venom?

Answer 41

Rattle > cotton > copper

Question 42

MOA snake venom?

Answer 42

Hyaluronidase increases spread- primary hypocoagulation

Question 43

Hematological changes from snake venom?

Answer 43

Echinocytes, hemolysis, hemoconcentration, +/- DIC

Question 44

Tx snake venom?

Answer 44

Antivenin, diphenhydramine, fluids, transfusion, abx, pain control- NOT morphine (histamine). No steroids or NSAIDs

Question 45

What does coral snakes cause?

Answer 45

flaccid paralysis- neurotoxic effect, CNS depression, intravascular hemolysis

Question 46

Species most susceptible to marijuana and cocaine?

Answer 46

Dogs

Question 47

MOA pot?

Answer 47

Affects CB1 receptor in the brain- effects memory, perception and movement

Question 48

CS pot?

Answer 48

CNS depression, ataxia, in coordination, mydriasis, seizures, hypothermia, tachycardia

Question 49

MOA cocaine?

Answer 49

CNS stim, sympathomimetic- blocks reuptakke of NE, D, serotonin- directly affects the MYOCARDIUM

Question 50

T/F cocaine causes hypersalivation, vomiting, hyperactivity, seizures, tremors, tachycardia

Answer 50

True

Question 51

MOA amphetamines

Answer 51

CNS stimulant, blocks reuptake of D and NE, inhibit MAO, sympathomimetic peripherally

Question 52

T/F amphetamines causes metabolic alkalosis, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 52

False- metabolic ACIDOSIS, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis

Question 53

Tx amphetamines?

Answer 53

A/C, pheno/ B blockers, lidocaine, ammonium chloride and fluids NO benzos!