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tox final Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

CO2 produced by

A

Incomplete oxidation of fossil fuels (gas, wood, coal)

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2
Q

CO2 forms ____ when bound to hemoglobin

A

Carboxy-hb

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3
Q

CO2 leads to what type of cyanosis

A

Cherry red cyanosis

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4
Q

CO2 primary target organs

A

Brain (Parkinson), Myocardium (MI/ angina)

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5
Q

Initial SS of CO2 poisoning

A

Headache, confusion

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6
Q

CO2 poisoning managed by

A

100% O2, Hyperbaric O2

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7
Q

Hb oxidizing agents

A

Nitrogen oxides- nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, meds

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8
Q

Heme Fe2 oxidized to

A

Heme Fe3 (methemoglobin)

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9
Q

Methemoglobin normally <5% due to

A

Methemoglobin reductase

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10
Q

Methemoglobin reductase deficiency

A

Methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) FERTILIZER IN WELL WATER

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11
Q

Methemoglobin causes _____ cyanosis

A

Chocolate cyanosis

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12
Q

Strong inorganic acids cause

A

Precipitative necrosis at site of contact w/ Eschar

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13
Q

Strong acid burn management

A

Wash w/ cold running water 15 minutes

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14
Q

Strong inorganic bases cause

A

Dissolution necrosis at site of contact. No scar, progressive penetrative damage to underlying tissue possible

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15
Q

Salicylates

A

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), sodium salicylate

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16
Q

Salicylate uses

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, OSTEOARTHRITIS

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17
Q

Salicylate toxicity mechanisms

A

Acid base imbalance (stimulate medullary respiratory nuclei) ->

Hyperventilation/ respiratory acidosis –>

Oxidation uncoupled from phosphorylation ->

Heat released from ETC -> hyperthermia

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18
Q

Salicylate toxicity symptoms

A

Reye’s syndrome in children (when aspirin given for viral fever)

Tinnitus

Aggravate gouty arthritis

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19
Q

NSAIDs

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

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20
Q

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs all related to

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydrocortisone- cortisol, prednisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone

21
Q

Steroids used

Study These Flashcards
A

Advanced OA, asthma

22
Q

Steroid mechanism

Study These Flashcards
A

Inhibit phospholipase A2, prevent arachidonic acid formation -> decreased prostaglandin

23
Q

Steroid toxicity

Study These Flashcards
A

Hyperglycemia, Cushing’s (fat trunk, shoulders, face) (moon face, buffalo hump)

Protein catabolic effect - > muscle wasting, difficulty healing

Immunosuppression

Pituitary suppression (decreased ACTH)

24
Q

Narcotic analgesics

Study These Flashcards
A

morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycontin

25
Narcotic analgesics suppress __ and ___
CNS (central reflexes depressed), Medulla (CV and respiratory collapse- CHEYNE STOKES RESPIRATORY PATTERN)
26
Narcotic analgesics stimulate
vagus (sinus bradycardia and projectile vomiting) EW nuclei- miosis/ pinpoint pupils
27
Most important non-narcotic analgesic
Acetaminophen in tylenol
28
Acetaminophen mechanism
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis IN BRAIN ONLY. NOT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
29
Acute acetaminophen overdose effect
Centrilobular hepatic nedcrosis
30
Chronic acetaminophen overdose effect
Kidney failure
31
MAO inhibitor
Tranylcypromine
32
MAO inhibitor usage
Anti-depressant
33
Tranylcypromine mechanism
Increase activity at aminergic synapses (NE, serotonin)
34
MAO inhibitor toxicity
Hypertensive crisis when combined with fermented food -> stroke
35
Tricyclic antidepressant
imipramine
36
Imipramine effect on ECG
Prolongs QT interval
37
Imipramine mechanism
Anticholinergic (block muscarinic Ach muscle receptors, exocrine glands, SA node)
38
Imipramine toxic effects
Flaccid intestinal stasis, pupil dilation, decreased sensation, dry mucous membranes
39
SSRIs
Prozac, zoloft
40
SSRI toxicity
Serotonin syndrome
41
Antifreeze
Ethylene glycol
42
Ethylene glycol mechanisms
CNS depression like ethyl alcohol Forms oxalic acid in liver-> hypocalcemia -> decreased heart contraction and peristalsis Calcium oxylate formation in ST
43
Oxalic acid metabolized by ___ and ___
Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
44
Methyl alcohol AKAs
Methanol, Woos Spirit
45
Methanol use
Solvent, de-icer
46
Methanol toxicity mechanism
Forms formaldehyde, formate -> destroys retinal ganglion cells
47
Methanol toxic effect
Blindness
48
Methanol overdose treatment
Titrated doses of ethyl alcohol (preferred substrate for enzymes)

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