Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pedi-Boards > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acetaminophen - antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine (most effective within 16 hr of ingestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anticholinergic - antidote

A

Physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Benzodiazepine - antidote

A

Flumanezil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

B-blocking agents - antidote

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbon monoxide - antidote

A

Oxygen (shorten half-life of carboxyhemoglobin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cyclic antidepressant - antidote

A

sodium bicarbonate (remember to follow K level and replete as needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyanide - antidote

A

Hydroxycobalamine (cause red discoloration of body fluids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Digoxin - antidote

A

Digoxin specific antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ethylene glycol or methanol - antidote

A

Fomepizole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sulfonylurea - antidote

A

Octreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron - antidote

A

Deferoxamine - (watch for hypotension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isoniazid - antidote

A

Pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lead - antidote

A

EDTA or Dimercaprol (British anti-lewisite) or DMSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Methemoglobulinemia - antidote

A

Methylene blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Opiates - antidote

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organophosphate - antidote

A

Atropine or Pralidoxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of acetaminophen poisoning

A

Early (within 24 hours): asymptomatic, mild nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, pallor, lethargy, malaise
Late (24–96 hours): hepatotoxicity, jaundice, coagulopathy, encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Study These Flashcards
A

Ataxia, nystagmus, respiratory depression, disinhibition, somnolence

19
Q

Symptoms of CO poisoning

Study These Flashcards
A

Altered mental status: confusion to coma
May have “cherry red” lips/skin
Severe toxicity: seizures, cardiac ischemia, pulmonary edema

20
Q

Symptoms of iron poisoning

Study These Flashcards
A

Progression in time post ingestion:
30 min to 6 hr: Gastrointestinal (GI) phase: abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and GI bleeding
6 to 24 hr: Latent (relative stability) phase
6 to 72 hr: Shock and metabolic acidosis
12 to 96 hr: Hepatotoxicity
2 to 8 weeks: Bowel obstruction

21
Q

Symptoms of methemoglobulinemia

Study These Flashcards
A

Cyanosis, headache, tachycardia, fatigue, dyspnea, lethargy
∗Hypoxia does not improve with supplemental oxygen

22
Q

Symptoms of salycylates

Study These Flashcards
A

Tachypnea, tinnitus, nausea/vomiting, agitation, confusion, restlessness, pulmonary edema

23
Q

Symptoms of SSRI poisoning

Study These Flashcards
A

Serotonin syndrome, vomiting, tremor, central nervous system (CNS) depression, seizure
Prolonged QTc in ECG

24
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

Anticholinergic effects (see Table 18.4), CNS depression, tachycardia

25
Causes of Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
(Mnemonic: MUDPILES CAT) M—methanol, metformin U—uremia D—diabetic ketoacidosis P—propylene glycol I—isoniazid, iron, massive ibuprofen L—lactic acidosis E—ethylene glycol S—salicylates C—cellular asphyxiants (cyanide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide) A—alcoholic ketoacidosis T—Tylenol
26
Causes of elevated osmolal gap
Alcohols: ethanol, isopropyl, methanol, ethylene glycol
27
Causes of hypoglycemia
Mnemonic: HOBBIES) H—hypoglycemics, oral: sulfonylureas, meglitinides O—other: quinine, unripe ackee fruit B—beta blockers I—insulin E—ethanol S—salicylates (late)
28
Causes of hyperglycemia
Salicylates (early) Calcium channel blockers Caffeine
29
Causes of hypocalcemia
Ethylene glycol Fluoride
30
Causes of rhabdomyolysis
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome Statins Mushrooms (Tricholoma equestre) Any toxin causing prolonged immobilization (e.g., opioids, antipsychotics) or excessive muscle activity or seizures (e.g., sympathomimetics)
31
Causes of radio-opaque substance on Abdominal XRAY
(Mnemonic: CHIPPED) C—chloral hydrate, calcium carbonate H—heavy metals (lead, zinc, barium, arsenic, lithium, bismuth) I—iron P—phenothiazines P—Play-Doh, potassium chloride E—enteric-coated pills D—dental amalgam, drug packets
32
Causes of acute seizures
“PLASTIC” P—Phencyclidine, pesticides, phenol, propoxyphene L—Lead, lithium, lindane, local anesthetics A—Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, abstinence syndromes S—Salicylate, sympathomimetic, strychnine, solvents, shellfish (domoic acid) T—Theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, thallium, tobacco (nicotine) I—Isoniazid, insulin (and other causes of hypoglycemia), insecticides C—Camphor, cocaine, cyanide/carbon monoxide, chloroquine, cyclonite (C4 plastic explosive), cicutoxin
33
Causes of prolonged QTc
Mechanism: K channel blockade ▪ Amiodarone ▪ Antipsychotics (typical and atypical) ▪ Arsenic ▪ Cisapride ▪ Citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ▪ Clarithromycin, erythromycin ▪ Disopyramide, dofetilide, ibutilide ▪ Fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole ▪ Loperamide, methadone ▪ Pentamidine ▪ Phenothiazines ▪ Sotalol
34
Causes of widened QRS
Mechanism: Na channel blockade ▪ Tricyclic antidepressants ▪ Diphenhydramine ▪ Carbamazepine ▪ Cardiac glycosides ▪ Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine ▪ Cocaine ▪ Lamotrigine ▪ Quinidine, quinine, procainamide, disopyramide ▪ Phenothiazines ▪ Propoxyphene ▪ Propranolol ▪ Bupropion, venlafaxine (rare)
35
Causes sinus bradycardia
▪ Digoxin ▪ Cholinergic agent ▪ β-Blocker ▪ Calcium channel blocker ▪ Clonidine/ guanfacine
36
Bitter almonds
Cyanide
37
Acetone smell
Isopropyl alcohol, methanol, paraldehyde, salycylate
38
Wintergreen
Methyl salycylate
39
Garlic
Arsenic, thallium, organophosphate, selenium
40
Violets
Turpentine
41
Miosis (pinpoint pupil)
Narcotics (except propoxyphene, meperidine, and pentazocine), organophosphates, muscarinic mushrooms, clonidine, phenothiazines, chloral hydrate, barbiturates (late)
42
Mydriasis (big pupil)
Atropine, cocaine, amphetamines, antihistamines, cyclic antidepressants, PCP, LSD
43
Nystagmus
Phenytoin, barbiturates, ethanol, carbamazepine, PCP, ketamine, dextromethorphan
44
Gum lines
Lead, mercury, arsenic

Pedi-Boards (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions