Training to improve perfomance Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is Physical fitness?
*Ability of the body systems to work effectively so that you can perform work and leisure activities efficiently
What is Aerobic power?
*The rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system
*The ability of heart, blood vessels and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and remove waste products
What are the 8 factors affecting Aerobic power?
Oxidative enzymes
Size and number of mitochondria
Blood volume
Cardiac output (Q=SV x HR)
Blood flow to muscles
Age
Sex
Muscle fibre types (Type I slower twitch)
What is Anaerobic capacity?
*The total amount of energy obtainable from the anaerobic energy systems (ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis)
*Can allow an athlete to complete longer maximal intensity efforts and to repeat more maximal intensity efforts with limited recovery
What are the 4 factors affecting Anaerobic capacity?
Muscle fibre type (Type 2B fast twitch)
Lactate tolerance
Sex
Age
What is Muscle strength?
*The ability of the muscle to develop maximal force in a single effort.
*Example: A one-rep max (1RM) bench press or leg press.
*Key focus: Force output, not time.
What are the 6 factors affecting Muscle strength?
Muscle Size (Cross section area)
Fibre arrangement
Joint angle
Speed of muscle contraction
Fibre Type
Age and Sex
What is Muscular endurance?
*The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period.
*Key focus: Sustained force
What are the 4 factors affecting Muscular endurance?
Fatigue
Fibre type
Age
Sex
What is Muscular power?
*The ability of a muscle of group of muscles to exert a maximum amount of force in the shortest period.
*Jumping, throwing, kicking
*Power=Force x Velocity
*Key focus: Force output and speed of movement.
What are the 4 factors affecting Muscular power?
Force
Velocity
Age
Sex
What is Speed?
The ability to move your body from one point to another as quickly as possible
What are the 5 factors affecting Speed?
The ability of the energy systems to provide ATP quickly
Muscle fibre type
Age
Sex
Flexibility
What is Agility?
A quick change in direction while maintaining balance
What are the 4 factors affecting Agility?
Muscle fibre type
Age
Sex
Range of motion at joints
What is Flexibility?
Flexibility is the ability to move the muscles and joints through a full range of motion
What are the types of Flexibility?
Static flexibility-
*Range of motion of joint under stationary conditions
Dynamic flexibility-
*Ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion quickly and easily
What are the 6 factors affecting Flexibility?
Joint type and structure
Soft tissue structures
Body and muscle temperature
Age
Sex
Length of muscle at rest
What is Balance?
The ability to maintain equilibrium when stationary (static balance) or moving (dynamic balance).
What are the types of Balance?
Static balance-
Maintaining a stable position when stationary (e.g., holding a handstand).
Dynamic balance-
Maintaining stability while in motion (e.g., skiing, surfing).
What are the 3 factors affecting Balance?
Centre of gravity
Base of support
Line of gravity
What is Coordination?
The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.
What are the types of Coordination
*Hand-eye coordination: e.g., catching or hitting a ball.
*Foot-eye coordination: e.g., kicking a moving ball in soccer.
What are the 4 factors affecting Coordination?
Practice and motor learning
Neuromuscular control
Stage of skill learning (cognitive/associative/autonomous)
Feedback and repetition