Training to improve perfomance Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What is Physical fitness?

A

*Ability of the body systems to work effectively so that you can perform work and leisure activities efficiently

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2
Q

What is Aerobic power?

A

*The rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system

*The ability of heart, blood vessels and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and remove waste products

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3
Q

What are the 8 factors affecting Aerobic power?

A

 Oxidative enzymes
 Size and number of mitochondria
 Blood volume
 Cardiac output (Q=SV x HR)
 Blood flow to muscles
 Age
 Sex
 Muscle fibre types (Type I slower twitch)

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4
Q

What is Anaerobic capacity?

A

*The total amount of energy obtainable from the anaerobic energy systems (ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis)

*Can allow an athlete to complete longer maximal intensity efforts and to repeat more maximal intensity efforts with limited recovery

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5
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting Anaerobic capacity?

A

 Muscle fibre type (Type 2B fast twitch)
 Lactate tolerance
 Sex
 Age

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6
Q

What is Muscle strength?

A

*The ability of the muscle to develop maximal force in a single effort.

*Example: A one-rep max (1RM) bench press or leg press.
*Key focus: Force output, not time.

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7
Q

What are the 6 factors affecting Muscle strength?

A

 Muscle Size (Cross section area)
 Fibre arrangement
 Joint angle
 Speed of muscle contraction
 Fibre Type
 Age and Sex

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8
Q

What is Muscular endurance?

A

*The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period.

*Key focus: Sustained force

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9
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting Muscular endurance?

A

 Fatigue
 Fibre type
 Age
 Sex

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10
Q

What is Muscular power?

A

*The ability of a muscle of group of muscles to exert a maximum amount of force in the shortest period.

*Jumping, throwing, kicking
*Power=Force x Velocity
*Key focus: Force output and speed of movement.

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11
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting Muscular power?

A

 Force
 Velocity
 Age
 Sex

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12
Q

What is Speed?

A

The ability to move your body from one point to another as quickly as possible

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13
Q

What are the 5 factors affecting Speed?

A

 The ability of the energy systems to provide ATP quickly
 Muscle fibre type
 Age
 Sex
 Flexibility

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14
Q

What is Agility?

A

A quick change in direction while maintaining balance

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15
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting Agility?

A

 Muscle fibre type
 Age
 Sex
 Range of motion at joints

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16
Q

What is Flexibility?

A

Flexibility is the ability to move the muscles and joints through a full range of motion

17
Q

What are the types of Flexibility?

A

Static flexibility-
*Range of motion of joint under stationary conditions

Dynamic flexibility-
*Ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion quickly and easily

18
Q

What are the 6 factors affecting Flexibility?

A

 Joint type and structure
 Soft tissue structures
 Body and muscle temperature
 Age
 Sex
 Length of muscle at rest

19
Q

What is Balance?

A

The ability to maintain equilibrium when stationary (static balance) or moving (dynamic balance).

20
Q

What are the types of Balance?

A

Static balance-
Maintaining a stable position when stationary (e.g., holding a handstand).

Dynamic balance-
Maintaining stability while in motion (e.g., skiing, surfing).

21
Q

What are the 3 factors affecting Balance?

A

 Centre of gravity
 Base of support
 Line of gravity

22
Q

What is Coordination?

A

The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.

23
Q

What are the types of Coordination

A

*Hand-eye coordination: e.g., catching or hitting a ball.
*Foot-eye coordination: e.g., kicking a moving ball in soccer.

24
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting Coordination?

A

 Practice and motor learning
 Neuromuscular control
 Stage of skill learning (cognitive/associative/autonomous)
 Feedback and repetition

25
What is an activity analysis?
Activity analysis is used to identify the key physical and physiological demands of a sport or activity, so that training programs can be designed to closely match the actual game requirements.
26
What is the purpose of an activity analysis?
*To improve specificity in training *To determine required fitness components, energy systems, and muscle groups *To observe elite-level performance for accurate data
27
What are the 4 types of Analysis
Skill Frequencies (Muscle-use analysis) Movement Patterns (GPS Tracking) Heart Rates (Technology) Work to Rest Ratios
28
Type of data and the method used to collect it for an activity analysis?
Skill Frequencies: Direct Observation, Slowing Video Movement Patterns: GPS Tracking, Digital Recording Heart Rates: Heart Rate Monitors, Apps Work-to-Rest Ratios: Stopwatch timing, Video Analysis
29
What is Skill Frequencies and the purpose?
A skill frequency table records how often specific skills are performed during a set period Purpose: To identify the types and number of skills performed so we know which muscle groups and fitness components are most important.
30
What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Skill Frequencies methods?
Advantages ✔ Slowed video = greater accuracy – allows review and precise coding of skills ✔ Direct observation = high practicality, requires minimal equipment Disadvantages ✘ Direct observation = less accurate, can miss quick/complex skills ✘ Slowed video = less practical, requires time, software, and playback tools
31
What is Movement Patterns and the purpose?
Movement patterns show the typical movements and directions an athlete completes during a game (e.g., sprints, walks, changes of direction). Purpose: To track how far, fast, and where an athlete moves during play to understand energy system use and movement demands (e.g., agility, speed, endurance).
32
What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Movement Patterns methods?
Advantages ✔ GPS = high accuracy for speed, distance, direction ✔ Digital recording = practical for multiple players and review Disadvantages ✘ GPS devices can be expensive and not always available in schools (less practical) ✘ Digital recording alone (without GPS) = less accurate for movement speed/distance
33
What is Heart Rates and the purpose?
Heart rate (HR) analysis involves measuring an athlete's beats per minute (bpm) to estimate their exercise intensity and energy system contribution. Purpose: To measure how hard the body is working so we can determine exercise intensity and identify the dominant energy system.
34
What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Heart Rates methods?
Advantages ✔ Heart rate monitors = very accurate, especially chest straps ✔ Smartwatches/apps = practical, especially for individual training Disadvantages ✘ Wrist-based apps can be less accurate during high-intensity movement ✘ Devices may be costly and require setup (less practical for some schools)
35
What is Work-to-Rest Ratios and the purpose?
Is the comparison between how long an athlete works (high-intensity effort) versus how long they rest or recover during activity. Purpose of W:R Analysis:
36
What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Work-to-Rest Ratios methods?
Advantages ✔ Stopwatch = high practicality, easy and quick to implement ✔ Video analysis = greater accuracy by allowing time to pause and measure Disadvantages ✘ Stopwatch = less accurate, human error likely in timing fast transitions ✘ Video analysis = less practical, time-consuming and requires playback tools