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Transfusion > Trans lecture 6 > Flashcards

Trans lecture 6 Flashcards

uncommon blood group system

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the Dombrock system antibodies?

A

The Dombrock antibodies are weakly reacting IgG antibodies that are unable to bind complement.

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2
Q

Which treatment is Dombrock antigens sensitive to?

A

Dombrock antigens are sensitive to treatment with DTT (dithiothreitol).

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3
Q

In what conditions do Dombrock antibodies react optimally?

A

Dombrock antibodies react optimally in the IAT (Indirect Antiglobulin Test).

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4
Q

Are Dombrock antibodies associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

A

No, none of the Dombrock antibodies have been associated with HDN.

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5
Q

What reactions have the Dombrock antibodies been reported to cause?

A

The Dombrock antibodies have been reported to cause acute to delayed transfusion reactions.

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6
Q

How many antigens are there in the Colton system?

A

The Colton system has three antigens: Coa, Cob, and Co3.

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7
Q

Which antigens are antithetical partners in the Colton system?

A

Coa and Cob are antithetical partners in the Colton system.

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8
Q

What is the incidence of Coa antigen in the random population?

A

Coa antigen is present in 99.9% of the random population.

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9
Q

What is the incidence of Cob antigen?

A

Cob antigen is present in 10% of the population.

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10
Q

Which antigens are resistant to cin, papain, DTT, and choroquine treatment in the Colton system?

A

Colton antigens are resistant to cin, papain, DTT, and choroquine treatment.

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11
Q

How many phenotypes are there in the Colton system?

A

There are four phenotypes in the Colton system: Co (a+b-), Co (a+b+), Co (a-b+), and Co (a-b-).

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12
Q

What type of antibodies are Coa and Cob antibodies?

A

Both Coa and Cob antibodies are IgG antibodies.

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13
Q

Which reactions do Coa and Cob antibodies participate in?

A

Both Coa and Cob antibodies participate in RBC stimulated reactions in the IAT.

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14
Q

What types of transfusion reactions have Coa and Cob antibodies been associated with?

A

Both Coa and Cob antibodies have been associated with acute to delayed transfusion reactions.

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15
Q

Has Cob antigen been associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

A

Cob antigen has been associated with mild HDN only.

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16
Q

Which cells does Anti-Co3 react with?

A

Anti-Co3 reacts with all Co(+) and Co(b+) cells.

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17
Q

What reactions have Chido (Ch) and Rodgers (Rg) antibodies been associated with?

A

Chido (Ch) and Rodgers (Rg) antibodies have not been associated with RBC transfusion reactions, but have been implicated in anaphylactic reactions post transfusion of plasma containing components.

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18
Q

What antigens are included in the Gerbich system?

A

The Gerbich system consists of high and low incidence antigens, including Ge2, Ge3, Ge4, GEPL, GEAT, GETI, Wb, Lsa, Ana GEIS, and Dha.

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19
Q

What is the Gerbich null phenotype?

A

The Gerbich null phenotype is Ge: –2, –3, –4 (Leach) and produces antibodies anti-Ge2 or anti-Ge3.

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20
Q

Which treatment are Gerbich antigens resistant to?

A

Gerbich antigens are resistant to DTT and glycine-acid EDTA treatment.

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21
Q

Which Gerbich antigen is sensitive to papain and cin enzymes?

A

Ge2/Ge4 antigen is sensitive to papain and cin enzymes.

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22
Q

What is the most common immunoglobulin class of Gerbich system antibodies?

A

Most antibodies in the Gerbich system are IgG, but some are IgM.

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23
Q

What are Gerbich antibodies?

A

Gerbich antibodies are alloantibodies produced by red cell exposure.

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24
Q

What is the clinical significance of anti-Ge3 antibodies?

A

Anti-Ge3 antibodies can cause anemia in newborns weeks after birth.

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25
Q

What should be done for babies of moms with anti-Ge3 antibodies?

A

Babies must be monitored for several weeks post delivery.

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26
Q

How do Gerbich antibodies affect red cell destruction?

A

Some transfusions demonstrate increased red cell destruction in vivo while others do not.

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27
Q

Which is the most common Gerbich antibody?

A

The most common Gerbich antibody is anti-Ge2.

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28
Q

What is the prevalence of Sda positive individuals in the population?

A

Approximately 91% of the population is Sda positive.

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29
Q

In which specimens is Sda substance found?

A

Sda substance is found in urine specimens and can be present in saliva and urine of newborns.

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30
Q

How do anti-Sda antibodies react with Sda positive cells?

A

Anti-Sda antibodies agglutinate in the presence of Sda positive cells.

31
Q

What class of antibodies are anti-Sda antibodies?

A

Anti-Sda antibodies are IgM class.

32
Q

What is Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein?

A

Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is the soluble Sda antigen in urine.

33
Q

How does Sda antigen expression vary?

A

Sda antigen expression varies by individual, with age, and is strongly expressed in rare phenotypes like Sd(a++) or Super Sid.

34
Q

What is the null phenotype in the Cromer blood group system?

A

The null phenotype is called Inab and lacks all Cromer system antigens and DAF.

35
Q

What is the role of DAF in the Cromer blood group system?

A

DAF is a regulator for complement protein in the Cromer blood group system.

36
Q

How can Cromer antibodies be destroyed?

A

Cromer antibodies are resistant to papain and cin but can be destroyed by α-chymotrypsin.

37
Q

Which antibody is primarily of the IgG classification in the Cromer system?

A

Cromer antibodies are generally of the IgG immunoglobulin classification.

38
Q

What is the frequency of the Lan antigen in the population?

A

Lan antigen is present in 99% of the population.

39
Q

What is the clinical significance of anti-Lan antibodies?

A

Patients with anti-Lan require Lan negative units.

40
Q

How does anti-Lan antibody reactivity vary during HDFN?

A

Anti-Lan antibody can cause variable HDFN from none to mild forms.

41
Q

What is the function of the Vel antigen?

A

The Vel antigen activates complement and can cause hemolysis.

42
Q

What is the primary class of Vel antibodies?

A

Vel antibodies are primarily of the IgG classification but may also present as IgM.

43
Q

What are Bg antibodies directed against?

A

Bg antibodies are directed against the HLA antigens on red blood cells.

44
Q

What does an anti-Bg reaction indicate?

A

An anti-Bg reaction indicates the presence of antibodies to white cell antigen remnants on RBCs.

45
Q

At what temperature do anti-Bg reactions occur?

A

Anti-Bg reactions occur at room temperature (RT).

46
Q

What is the learning outcome of Lecture 6?

A

To describe blood group terminology and identify testing for uncommon red blood cell antigens and antibodies.

47
Q

List three learning objectives for Lecture 6.

A
  1. Discuss the antigen, antibody, and clinical significance of uncommon blood group systems. 2. List the characteristics of the antibodies in each system. 3. Describe applicable clinical significance and/or disease association.
48
Q

How many antigens belong to the Diego blood group system?

A

22

49
Q

What are the three sets of high and low incidence antigens in the Diego blood group system?

A

Dia/Dib, Wra/Wrb, and Wu/DISK

50
Q

Describe the immunoglobulin class of antibodies in the Diego blood group system.

A

Most are IgG, but IgM antibodies have been identified and react best in AHG phase.

51
Q

Which antigens in the Diego blood group system are resistant to enzyme treatment?

A

Most are resistant to enzyme treatment.

52
Q

What are the clinical significances of Dia and Dib antigens in the Diego blood group system?

A

Implicated in HTR’s and HDFN.

53
Q

What is the most common phenotype in the Diego blood group system?

A

Wr (a-b+)

54
Q

Which blood group system has Yta and Ytb antigens?

A

Cartwright blood group system.

55
Q

What are the three phenotypes described in the Cartwright blood group system?

A

Yt(a+b-), Yt(a+b+), and Yt(a-b+).

56
Q

Which blood group system has Sc1 and Sc2 antigens?

A

Scianna blood group system.

57
Q

Which antigen in the Scianna blood group system is resistant to enzyme treatment and DTT?

A

Sc1.

58
Q

Which antibody in the Scianna blood group system appears to be immune in origin?

A

Anti-Sc1.

59
Q

Which blood group system has the Doa and Dob antigens?

A

Dombrock blood group system.

60
Q

What is the null phenotype in the Dombrock blood group system?

A

Gy(a-).

61
Q

What are the four phenotypes described in the Dombrock blood group system?

A

Do(a+b-), Do(a+b+), Do(a-b+), and Do(a-b-).

62
Q

What is the purpose of the Knops Blood Group System?

A

The purpose of the Knops Blood Group System is to identify antigens within the system.

63
Q

How many antigens are there in the Knops Blood Group System?

A

There are 9 antigens in the Knops Blood Group System.

64
Q

What are the antithetical antigens in the Knops Blood Group System?

A

The antithetical antigens in the Knops Blood Group System are Kna and Knb.

65
Q

Which phase of testing do Knops antibodies react in?

A

Knops antibodies generally react in the IAT phase of testing.

66
Q

Are Knops antibodies considered clinically significant in relation to HTR and HDFN?

A

Knops antibodies are considered clinically insignificant in relation to HTR and HDFN.

67
Q

What type of antibodies are generally found in multi-transfused patients or multiparous women?

A

Knops antibodies are generally found in multi-transfused patients or multiparous women.

68
Q

What are the characteristics of Knops antibodies that make them difficult to identify?

A

Knops antibodies have weak and variable reactions, making them difficult to identify.

69
Q

What should be done if Knops antibodies are suspected?

A

If Knops antibodies are suspected, they must be identified and confirmed.

70
Q

What can Knops antibodies mimic?

A

Knops antibodies can mimic other antibodies.

71
Q

List the cold antibodies affected by dosage.

A

The cold antibodies affected by dosage are Lewis, I, P1, M, A, B, H, and N.

72
Q

List the warm antibodies affected by dosage.

A

The warm antibodies affected by dosage are D, C, c, E, e, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Ss.

73
Q

What are the references for this information?

A

The references for this information are ‘Blaney: Basic and Applied Concepts of Immunohematology; 2nd edition’ and ‘Immunohematology Principles and Practice 2nd edition by Eva D. Quinley’.

Transfusion (7 decks)

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