Transcription and Translation Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is transcription?
The process where RNA polymerase creates mRNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
The enzyme that synthesizes mRNA during transcription.
What is mRNA editing?
Modifications like intron removal, exon splicing, 5’ cap, and poly-A tail addition to form mature mRNA.
What is translation?
The process of decoding mRNA into a chain of amino acids (a protein), done by ribosomes.
What is a ribosome?
The site of protein synthesis; it reads codons on mRNA.
What is a codon?
A 3-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is an anti-codon?
A complementary 3-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that matches an mRNA codon.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon matching.
What are amino acids?
Building blocks of proteins; linked by peptide bonds during translation.
What is a codon chart?
A chart used to determine which amino acid a codon codes for.
