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Biochemistry > Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation > Flashcards

Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Element found downstream of the transcription start site (Pribnow box and -35 in eukaryotes; TATA box, CAAT box, GC box in eukaryotes)

A

Promoter

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2
Q

Promoter, -10 nt downstream of tss (prokaryotes)

A

Pribnow Box

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3
Q

Promoter, -30 to -100 bp downstream of tss (eukaryotes)

A

TATA box

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4
Q

Element that increases transcription, found 1000s of nt’s downstream of tss (eukaryotes)

A

Enhancer

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5
Q

An enhancer element that is responsive to regulation from an environmental stimuli, for example hormones or metals (eukaryotes)

A

Response element

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6
Q

Trans-acting protein that binds to promoter or initiator site to promote transcription (eukaryotes)

A

Transcription factor

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7
Q

Synthesizes single rRNA transcript (eukaryotes)

A

RNA Pol I

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8
Q

Transcribes tRNAs and 5S rRNA (eukaryotes)

A

RNA Pol II

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9
Q

Transcribes mRNA (eukaryotes)

A

RNA Pol III

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10
Q

Regulatory subunit of RNA polymerase, binds -35 region (prokaryotes)

A

Sigma factor

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11
Q

Multi-protein coding genetic cassette under regulation (prokaryotes)

A

Operon

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12
Q

Binds operator site of operon and prevents transcription (prokaryotes)

A

Repressor

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13
Q

Binds and inactivates repressor (allolactose in lac operon, prokaryotes)

A

Inducer

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14
Q

Un-translated region of RNA that is removed by splicing

A

Intron

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15
Q

Expressed region of RNA that remains after splicing

A

Exon

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16
Q

Adenosine nucleotide in the center of an intron, U2 binds here

A

Branch Site

17
Q

Splicing intermediate after the first splicing reaction occurs, cyclic intermediate connecting 5’-end of intron to the branch site

A

Lariat

18
Q

Ribonucleoprotein subunit involved in mRNA processing through splicing

A

snRNP

19
Q

Write out the chemical equations for the two steps in the reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA transferase. Include all products and reactants.

Step 1: amino acid activation

Step 2: aminoacyl transfer to the tRNA

A

amino acid + ATP → aminoacyl-AMP + PPi

aminoacyl-AMP + tRNA → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP

20
Q

Write the chemical equation for the net reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl transferase.

A

amino acid + ATP + tRNA → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + 2Pi

21
Q

“Coding center” where mRNA pairs with tRNA anti-codon end

A

30S subunit

22
Q

“Catalytic center” where aminoacyl end of tRNA binds and the peptide chain is synthesized

A

50S subunit

23
Q

GTPase which shifts register of tRNAs from A-P sites to P-E sites, uses GTP

A

EF-G

24
Q

Utilizes GTP to recruit charged tRNAs to the A site of the ribosome

A

EF-Tu

25
Q

Binds A site to prevent premature ribosomal assembly

A

IF-1

26
Q

GTPase which guides initiator tRNA to the 30S ribosomal pre-initiation complex

A

IF-2

27
Q

Binds E site to prevent premature ribosomal assembly

A

IF-3

28
Q

Binds A site when a stop codon is present on the mRNA, ends translation

A

RF-1

29
Q

Charges tRNAs with activated amino acids

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

30
Q

3 nt sequence on tRNA that is reverse complement to codon

A

Anticodon

31
Q

3 nt sequence on mRNA which codes for an amino acid

A

Codon

32
Q

1st base of the anticodon (3rd base of the codon) has more flexibility in base pairing, leads to degeneracy in codons

A

Wobble Hypothesis

33
Q

Purine rich sequence downstream of start codon which binds to 16S rRNA of 30S subunit to initiate translation

A

Shine-Delgarno Sequence

34
Q

The ribosome has three sites for binding tRNAs. What are they?

A

A site:

  • “Aminoacyl site”
  • where charged tRNAs enter

P site:

  • “Peptidyl site”
  • Where the growing peptidyl chain is found

E site:

  • “Exit site”
  • Where the uncharged tRNAs exit

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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