Transcription / RNA Processing

Question 1

Number of RNA Polymerases in Eukaryotes

Answer 1

3

Question 2

How are transcription and translation separated in eukaryotes only?

Answer 2

Transcription takes places in the nucleus while translation of mature mRNAs occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Unspecific factors required for transcription initiation

Answer 3

General Transcription Factors (GTFs)

Question 4

RNA polymerase responsible for transcribing large ribosomal rRNAs

Answer 4

RNA Polymerase I

Question 5

Transcribes all mRNA, as well as microRNA precursors and most snRNA involved in splicing

Answer 5

RNA Polymerase II

Question 6

Which RNA polymerase has polyadenylated transcripts?

Answer 6

RNA Pol II

Question 7

What transcribes tRNA, U6 snRNA and the 5S rRNA gene

Answer 7

RNA Polymerase III

Question 8

Location of the TATAA box

Answer 8

-25 to -30 upstream

Question 9

What at -35 in a eukaryotic promoter recognizes TFIIB?

Answer 9

B Recognition Element (BRE)

Question 10

What does TBP stand for in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 10

TATAA Binding Protein

Question 11

What is TAF in regards to eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 11

TBP Associated Factors

Question 12

TFIID, a 15 protein complex, is made up of what?

Answer 12

TBP and TAFs

Question 13

First step in eukaryotic transcription / binding of RNA Pol II?

Answer 13

TFIID binds the promoter

Question 14

What happens after TFIID binds in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 14

TFIIB binds to BRE (promotor) and TBP (part of TFIID)

Question 15

What happens after TFIIB binds in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 15

RNA Pol and TFIIF create a subcomplex. This complex binds the TBP-TFIID complex already in place.

Question 16

What happens after TFIIF-RNAP binds the growing complex in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 16

TFIIE and TFIIH bind the complex, completing the pre-initiation complex.

Question 17

Which transcription initiation factor has helicase activity?

Answer 17

TFIIH

Question 18

Which transcription initiation factor phosphorylates the c terminal domain of RNA Pol II?

Answer 18

TFIIH

Question 19

What causes RNA Pol II to dissociate from the preinitiation complex and initiate transcription?

Answer 19

Phosphorylation of the 5th serine residue in a repeated amino acid sequence by TFIIH

Question 20

What does the Carbon Terminal Domain (CTD) do in RNA Pol II after dissociating from the initiation complex?

Answer 20

Binds elongation and processing factors.

Question 21

Role of “Mediator” in RNA Transcription

Answer 21

Interacts with GTFs, RNA Pol II, and gene specific factors

Question 22

Which two RNA Poly III regions have downstream promoters?

Answer 22

5S rRNA and tRNA

Question 23

Which RNA Poly III transcribed genes have upstream promoters?

Answer 23

U6 snRNA

Question 24

Where does ribosomal RNA processing occur in eukaryotes?

Answer 24

Nucleolus

Question 25

How many cleavages does pre-rRNA undergo during processing?

Answer 25

Two sets of cleavage

Question 26

How are 5.8S and 28S rRNA bonded in processing?

Answer 26

hydrogen bonding

Question 27

Which is non-coding -- 5.8S or 28S rRNA

Answer 27

5.8S

Question 28

In eukaryotic ribosomal RNA processing, what guides nucleases to the specific cleavage sites?

Answer 28

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small ribonucleoparticles (snoRNPs)

Question 29

Which enzyme processes the 5' end of pre-tRNA?

Answer 29

RNAse P

Question 30

RNAse P is active with its RNA portion without its protein portion necessarily. That makes it a what?

Answer 30

Ribozyme

Question 31

What cleaves the 3' end of a (pre)tRNA?

Answer 31

A conventional protein RNAse

Question 32

What is added to the 3' end of a tRNA?

Answer 32

CCA addition

Question 33

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase needs what to recognize the tRNA?

Answer 33

CCA addition

Question 34

Modified version(s) of adenosine used in tRNA

Answer 34

Inosine

Question 35

Four Aspects of Eukaryotic mRNA Processing

Answer 35

1) Capping 2) Tailing 3) Splicing 4) Editing

Question 36

What is added to the 5' end of pre mRNA?

Answer 36

7-methylguanosine cap

Question 37

Which end of the pre mRNA is the 7-methylguanosine cap added to?

Answer 37

5'

Question 38

What enzyme adds to the 3' end of mRNA during processing?

Answer 38

poly-A polymerase

Question 39

In mRNA polyadenylation, what sort of sequence is cleaved off downstream?

Answer 39

GU rich element

Question 40

What is upstream from the polyadenylation cleavage site?

Answer 40

AAUAAA signal (10-30 bases)

Question 41

First step in mRNA splicing?

Answer 41

Cleavage at the 5' site (leaves a free 3' end exon)

Question 42

What happens to the 5' end of an intron after cleavage?

Answer 42

Joins to a 2' hydroxyl of an adenine base near end of intron. Forms a lariat

Question 43

What is made up of 5 types of small nuclear RNA, other proteins, and is part of the spliceosome?

Answer 43

Small nuclear ribonuceloprotein particlar (snRNPs)

Question 44

What structure creates looped domains similar in appearance to tRNA?

Answer 44

snRNPs

Question 45

Which snRNP holds the first exon during splicing?

Answer 45

U5 snRNP

Question 46

RNA Editing

Answer 46

Changing single bases to alter the amino acid sequence

Question 47

What three things can trigger RNA degradation?

Answer 47

1) Lariats identified by the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond 2) 3' and 5' naked ends are targeted 3) premature termination codons

Question 48

What kind of proteins do mRNAs have a short half life for?

Answer 48

regulatory

Question 49

What kind of proteins do mRNAs have a long half life for?

Answer 49

structural

Question 50

What's odd about RNA Polymerase III?

Answer 50

promoter can be downstream

Question 51

Why is there a 7-methylguanosine cap?

Answer 51

prevents degradation by RNAse