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Physics Principles > Transducers and Beams > Flashcards

Transducers and Beams Flashcards

1
Q

size of the source

A

Aperture

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2
Q

A method for reducing side lobes (lateral array elements) in some arrays. It gradually decreases the vibration of the transducer surface with distance from its center by improving the directivity.

A

Apodization

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3
Q

A collection of active elements within a transducer housing

A

Array

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4
Q

Perpendicular to scan plane

A

Axial

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5
Q

The minimum distance 2 structures are separated from front to back or anterior to posterior, and still be distinguished as separate by the ultrasound machine

A

Axial Resolution

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6
Q

width of the pulse as it travels away from the transducer

A

Beam

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7
Q

Man Made-improves bandwidth, sensitivity, resolution elements

A

Composite

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8
Q

Crystals arranged in an arc; sector shape format

A

Convex array

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9
Q

Natural materials: Quartz, Rochelle salts, tourmaline

Man-made: Lead zirconate titanate or PZT barium titanate, lead metaniobate, lead titanate

A

Crystal

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10
Q

Transducer crystals lose their piezoelectric properties if they are heated above a critical temperature

A

Curie point

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11
Q

Material bonded to the back of the active element; limits “ringing” of the crystal; shortens pulse duration and spatial pulse length, therefore improving image quality

A

Damping

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12
Q

the machine’s ability to see and differentiate small structures and represent them (anatomically) correctly on the ultrasound image

A

Detail resolution

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13
Q

continually changing focus

A

Dynamic focusing

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14
Q

piezoelectric element, active element, or crystal

A

Element

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15
Q

Slice thickness resolution

A

Elevational resolution

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16
Q

Place where the beam begins to diverge (Fraunhofer zone)

A

Far zone

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17
Q

the distance from the transducer face to the focus

A

Focal length

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18
Q

Focus Near Zone Focal Length (focal depth, near zone length) Far Zone Focal zone

A

Focal region

19
Q

the area of highest, most uniform beam intensity

A

Focal zone

20
Q

improve resolution at given depth

A

Focus

21
Q

unwanted parts of the ultrasound beam emitted off axis that produce image artifacts due to error in positioning the returning echo.

A

Grating lobes

22
Q

Scan plane width or beam diameter

A

Lateral

23
Q

The minimum distance that two side by side structures can be separated and still show 2 separate echoes on the screen.

A

Lateral resolution

24
Q

one of the world’s most widely used piezoelectric ceramic materials (man made)

A

Lead zirconate titanate

25
Q

external focusing

A

Lens

26
Q

Arranged in or extending along a straight or nearly straight line

A

Linear

27
Q

parallel scan line, width & length of image are approximately equal for superficial structures

A

Linear array

28
Q

Beam steering and focusing is electronic

Phased array or electronic sector

A

Linear phased array

29
Q

no fixed focus , with rectangle image, sequencing beams large acoustic footprint

A

Linear sequenced array

30
Q

Reduces reflections at transducer - tissue interface

Also called impedance matching layer

A

Matching layer

31
Q

transition point between the near field and the far field of a non focused transducer

A

Natural focus

32
Q

Region between the transducer and the focus

Also called the Fresnel zone

A

Near zone

33
Q

Resonant Frequency or natural frequency depends on thickness of the crystal, and Speed of sound in the crystal

A

Operating frequency

34
Q

adjustable, multi-focus

A

Phased array

35
Q

phased focus control is applied to a linear sequenced array.

A

Phased linear array

36
Q

electricity or electric polarity due to pressure especially in a crystalline substance

A

Piezoelectricity

37
Q

to search into or examine thoroughly

A

Probe

38
Q

the machine’s ability to image structures with accuracy

A

Resolution

39
Q

The operating frequency of a transducer

A

Resonance frequency

40
Q

pie shaped image

A

Sector

41
Q

some of the energy from transducer radiates at various angles to the transducer face

A

Side lobes

42
Q

any device that converts one form of energy into another

A

Transducer

43
Q

Combination of phased array electronics and linear sequential array probes to provide electronic steering and multiple focal zones

A

Vector array

Physics Principles (4 decks)

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